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Combined hormonal contraception
Published in John Guillebaud, Contraception Today, 2019
The presence of aura before (or sometimes even without) the headache is the main marker of risk of ischaemic stroke (WHO 4). However, it seems increasingly likely that there is no significantly increased risk through having migraine without aura – although for the present this is still classified as WHO 2. Given that the 1-year prevalence of any migraine in women has been shown to be as high as 18%, it is crucial to identify the important subgroup with aura (1-year prevalence about 5%).
Migraine: diagnosis and treatment
Published in Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby, Headache in Clinical Practice, 2018
Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby
The headache and associated symptoms of migraine with aura are similar to those of migraine without aura. Most sufferers who have migraine with aura also have attacks of migraine without aura. The aura usually lasts 20–30 minutes and typically precedes the headache, but it occasionally occurs only during the headache. In contrast to a transient ischemic attack (TIA), the aura of migraine evolves gradually and consists of both positive (e.g. scintillations, tingling) and negative (e.g. scotoma, numbness) features. If the aura is typical and stereotyped, the diagnosis of migraine with aura is warranted, even if the subsequent headache does not have the migrainous features described above. Indeed, typical migraine aura may be seen in association with other headache types, such as cluster headaches. Virtually any symptom or sign of brain dysfunction may be a feature of the aura, but most auras include visual features.
Hypnotherapy with a Medical Condition: Migraine Headache
Published in Assen Alladin, Michael Heap, Claire Frederick, Hypnotherapy Explained, 2018
Assen Alladin, Michael Heap, Claire Frederick
Migraine headaches are characterized by recurrent attacks of pain that vary widely in frequency, intensity and duration. The Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society: Second Edition (ICHD-II) (2004) lists 14 major categories of headaches. Migraine is listed as the first of the major categories, comprising migraine without aura, migraine with aura, and chronic migraine. Migraine attacks are associated with loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and exaggerated sensitivity to light and sound, and often involve sensory, motor or mood disturbances. The migraine with aura is characterized by identifiable sensory disturbances that precede the head pain, whereas migraine without aura has a sudden onset and an intense throbbing, usually unilateral. Chronic migraine is diagnosed in patients having migraine on 15 days per month or more in the absence of medication overuse (Olesen and Lipton, 2006).
Altered brain activity and functional connectivity in migraine without aura during and outside attack
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Luping Zhang, Wenjing Yu, Zhengxiang Zhang, Maosheng Xu, Feng Cui, Wenwen Song, Zhijian Cao
Patients with migraine without aura diagnosed according to criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version) [1], were included in this study. The demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, sex, past medical history, disease duration, attack frequency (times/month), visual analog scale (VAS), Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) scores, and Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2) scores were all recorded. Patients were included in this study if they (1) had not received any prophylactic medication and (2) had not taken acute medications 48 hours before the scanning. Patients were excluded if they (1) had underlying psychiatric or neurological disorders; (2) were alcohol or drug abusers; (3) were taking any drugs affecting the central nervous system; (4) had MRI contraindications such as claustrophobia. The healthy control (HC) subjects without a history of migraine or other headaches were also included in this study.
The eye in migraine: a review of retinal imaging findings in migraine
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2022
Allison M. McKendrick, Bao N Nguyen
Acute migraine attacks are typically characterised by moderate to severe headache with accompanying nausea, vomiting and sensitivity to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia).3 People with migraine may also experience premonitory4 and postdromal5 symptoms, such as fatigue and mood changes, in the hours or days leading up to and after an attack. The most common form of migraine is ‘migraine without aura’, where the predominant feature is the headache. Some people may also experience an additional suite of completely reversible neurological symptoms known collectively as ‘aura’ (‘migraine with aura’). Of these neurological disturbances, visual aura symptoms are by far the most prevalent (up to 99% of migraine aura) compared to sensory (~35%) or language (~10%) disturbances.6 Comprehensive diagnostic criteria for migraine are found in the latest edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ichd-3.org/1-migraine).3
The current state of acute treatment for migraine in adults in the United States
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2020
Wade Cooper, Erin Gautier Doty, Helen Hochstetler, Ann Hake, Vincent Martin
The two major subtypes are migraine with aura and without aura. Migraine with aura includes neurological disturbances characterized by visual symptoms such as seeing spots, lines, or gray patches; sensory symptoms including tingling or numbness; or difficulty speaking that usually precede the headache and last for up to an hour [2]. Aura usually begins with visual and then sensory symptoms followed by difficulty speaking or understanding language. Sensory aura is most commonly unilateral affecting the face and arm, and less commonly in the trunk and leg. About one-third of people with migraine experience aura before or during the attack. Migraine without aura does not include the above symptoms, although migraine attacks of both types may be accompanied by photo- or phonophobia, nausea, and/or vomiting.