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Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
Source amnesia refers to AMNESIA for where and when particular information was acquired. For example, one may remember that Sally went on vacation last week, but not remember who it was that furnished this information. Source memory abilities depend importantly on FRONTAL LOBE integrity. Source memory errors are especially common in young children and in AGEING, and are thought to be an important cause of errors and distortions in MEMORY. If the source of a FACT MEMORY is lost or confused, then it becomes more difficult to know whether the memory refers to an AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY or to an image, a fantasy, or a story told by another.
Methods of nutritional assessment and surveillance
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Some of the limitations and sources of error in this method are listed as follows: Memory errors – Subjects are likely to forget some of the items that have been consumed. This method tends to significantly underestimate the total calorie intake and seems to particularly underestimate e.g. alcohol intake. This method, even when used with probing to try and improve memory almost certainly, under records energy and nutrient intakes. This makes any assessment of the prevalence of dietary inadequacy using this method highly suspect.Quantification errors – It is difficult to quantify portions in retrospect. It may be particularly difficult for the very young and the very old to conceptualise amounts. Several lists of standard portion sizes have been published. For example, the guide to UK food portion sizes by Crawley (1994) which lists weights of individual items (like chocolate bars) and average UK portion sizes for many foods. Food models or photographs are sometimes used to aid this quantification process; subjects are shown photographs of different sized portions and asked to indicate which is closest to the one they ate and a weight for this portion is given.Intra-individual variation – Intake may not be representative of the subject’s usual intake. The day chosen for the record may not be typical of the subject’s usual daily intake. Weekend and weekday intakes may be very different in some subjects. Illness or stress may affect the appetite of a subject. Some social occasion or event may exaggerate the subject’s usual intake. Even where subjects are of regular habits and no particular factors have distorted that day’s intake, the intake of many nutrients tends to fluctuate quite markedly from day to day and thus one day’s intake cannot be taken to represent the subject’s habitual intake.Interviewer bias – Any interview-based survey is liable to bias. This can be bias due to the prompts and reactions of the interviewer or the interviewees giving biased results to gain interviewer approval or avoid disapproval.
Suboptimal adherence to food restrictions requirements related to drug regimens for chronic diseases
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2023
Robert L. Boggs, Samuel Engel, Tongtong Wang, Tracey Jean Weiss, Ashley A. Martin, Austin Yue, Nate Way, Bryan Ricker, Swapnil N. Rajpathak, Dominik Lautsch
Limitations of this work include reliance on a convenience sample of American and European respondents who participated in an exclusively online survey. Furthermore, we restricted the analysis to a subset of four medications (glimepiride, gliclazide, glipizide levothyroxine) indicated across two conditions (diabetes, hypothyroidism), and did not evaluate the degree to which multimorbidity across these conditions additively contributed to non-adherence in this study. Non-adherence was calculated for each patient based on their recorded behavior, irrespective of their individual “risk” of being non-adherent due to multi-morbidity or other lifestyle factors (e.g. taking multiple medications which could increase drug interactions, or engaging in intermittent fasting or reporting diet preferences which could impact food restriction adherence). As with all patient reported studies, we cannot exclude the possibility of inaccuracies due to memory errors, presentation biases, and other sources of human error.
Acute stress and human spatial working memory strategy use
Published in Stress, 2023
Robyn A. Husa, Tony W. Buchanan, Brenda A. Kirchhoff
Prior research has not examined the effects of acute stress on performance of the CANTAB spatial working memory task. Acute stress exposure did not lead to the hypothesized increase in working memory errors. The lack of a stress-induced alteration of systematic search strategy use in this study could partially explain the lack of a stress-induced change in working memory accuracy. In addition, while the CANTAB spatial working memory task does require significant updating of memory for the locations of boxes in which tokens have previously been found within a trial, there is relatively little requirement for attentional shifting, inhibition, or manipulation of information relative to other working memory tasks for which significant acute stress effects have been reported (e.g., operation span, n-back, backward digit span; Schoofs et al., 2008, 2009). Therefore, the results of this study suggest that acute stress may not strongly impair the updating subcomponent of working memory.
Effects of An Occupational Therapy Memory Strategy Education Group Intervention on Irish Older Adults’ Self-Management of Everyday Memory Difficulties
Published in Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2019
Áine Coe, Mary Martin, Tadhg Stapleton
To date, the use of goal-directed therapy in memory strategy interventions has produced positive outcomes for clients and their caregivers (Ciro et al., 2014; Clare et al., 2010; Kim, 2015; Londos et al., 2008; O’Sullivan et al., 2015) and this was also evidenced in this study. Clients attending the MSEG intervention spoke of some everyday memory concerns that impacted on their daily functioning such as forgetting where they had left items in the house, forgetting to take medications, or an inability to recall upcoming appointments. They also spoke of the impact of memory deficits on their interactions and reported an overall sense of decreased competence to manage social situations due to memory difficulties, particularly the embarrassment of being unable to remember people’s names, remembering recent conversations, or staying on track during conversations. These types of functional memory deficits are typical of the type of memory errors experienced amongst healthy older adults (Ossher, Flegal, & Lustig, 2013).