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Sleep, dreams, and athletic performance
Published in Michael Kellmann, Jürgen Beckmann, Sport, Recovery, and Performance, 2017
Daniel Erlacher, Felix Ehrlenspiel
Whereas the sleep/wake behaviour of elite athletes might be well displayed by activity monitors, physiological aspects of sleep which might be related to recovery are not accessible by those measures. In a classical study by Shapiro, Bortz, Mitchell, Bartel, and Jooste (1981), athletes showed after completing a 92-kilometer road race a significant increase in total sleep time and slow-wave sleep. The authors raised the question that slow-wave sleep is important for a recovery period after metabolic stress caused by exercise. Even though the slow-wave hypothesis is not well tested, it shows that sleep parameter might be of value to describe the effectiveness of the recovery process of an athlete. More recent studies stress that this might not only be the case for certain sleep stages but even for local sleep in different brain areas (Huber et al., 2006).
Insomnia
Published in Anne Stephenson, Martin Mueller, John Grabinar, Janice Rymer, 100 Cases in General Practice, 2017
Anne Stephenson, Martin Mueller, John Grabinar, Janice Rymer
The GP talks with him about a few simple measures that might help his sleep. The GP recommends that the patient tries to get back from work a little earlier and have an earlier evening meal. He also suggests that the patient does not drink wine at night as, although this might help the patient get to sleep, it can also cause him to wake up in the early morning. He also suggests that if the patient cannot sleep, he get up and participate in a quiet activity in another room until he feels sleepy again and that he should do this as many times in the night as needed. They talk about the fact that the last hour of TV or reading should be peaceful rather than exciting and that simple relaxation exercises, soothing music, a warm bath and a milky drink might help his sleep. They also talk about the anxiety related to his job and he agrees to see the local psychological services about this as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has also been shown to help sleep problems. The patient is not keen to take medication and the GP is not keen to prescribe it. The man asks about referral to a sleep clinic and the GP explains that the local sleep clinic has a waiting list of over 1 year and that they are unable to see anyone that has not had a full workup and tried all the other possibilities first. They agree to meet again in 4 weeks to check on his progress.
Sleep fragmentation exacerbates executive function impairments induced by protracted low dose rate neutron exposure
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Richard A. Britten, Vania D. Duncan, Arriyam S. Fesshaye, Laurie L. Wellman, Christina M. Fallgren, Larry D. Sanford
SR exposure is not the only stressor with which astronauts have to deal. One major issue that the astronauts need to contend with is inadequate sleep quantity and quality. For multiple reasons, astronauts sleep less while in space than they normally do on Earth (Frost et al. 1976; Santy et al. 1988; Whitmire et al. 2013; Barger et al. 2014), but also the quality and structure of sleep in space is altered. Objective studies have found quantitative changes in sleep during spaceflight including reduced latency to rapid eye movement sleep (REM), shorter REM episode duration and a redistribution of slow-wave sleep (SWS) between the first and the second sleep cycles (Gundel et al. 1997). REM and SWS sleep time in space were reduced by 27–50% compared to that of preflight sleep (Stickgold and Hobson 1999; Moldofsky et al. 2000; Evans-Flynn et al. 2015). Recent work also has reported evidence of increased sleep pressure (greater theta activity in the EEG and more local sleep events during waking) in astronauts on the ISS (Petit et al. 2019). Notwithstanding their chronically decreased sleep and increased sleepiness, astronauts extensively use sleep-promoting drugs during spaceflight (Barger et al. 2014).
Misperception of sleep duration in mild traumatic brain injury/concussion: a preliminary report
Published in Brain Injury, 2021
T Lan Chun Yang, A Colantonio, Tatyana Mollayeva
A recently proposed neurocognitive model of insomnia by Buysse et al. could help better understand the neuropathology that occurs in the brain in patients with insomnia (29), where “local sleep” defines sleep as a property originating from individual neuronal assemblies which trigger activation of larger central sleep-regulatory centers through a bottom-up process (29). Therefore, sleep misperception due to insomnia can be viewed as the persistent wake-like activity of certain neural structures, leading to compromised judgment and impaired cognition caused by chronic insomnia (30). This may be why insomnia was forced out of the model after the adjustment for cognitive disorder was made. Buysse’s neurocognitive model of insomnia would also help explain why the majority of our sample under-reported their sleep duration, consistent with several studies showing that more insomnia complaints are reported by people with mTBI due to the fact that they are more aware of changes to sleep since their injury. Similar to previous studies that reported that individuals with higher sleep efficiency assess better their sleep duration (31–33), sleep efficiency was emphasized in this study, explaining almost 12% of variance in sleep differences in a fully adjusted model.
TNFα G308A genotype, resilience to sleep deprivation, and the effect of caffeine on psychomotor vigilance performance in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Lillian Skeiky, Allison J. Brager, Brieann C. Satterfield, Martha Petrovick, Thomas J. Balkin, Vincent F. Capaldi, Ruthie H. Ratcliffe, Hans P. A Van Dongen, Devon A. Hansen
Total sleep deprivation (TSD) profoundly degrades psychomotor vigilance performance (Lim and Dinges 2008). The effect of TSD on psychomotor vigilance is characterized by increased variability in the response time distribution on paced performance tasks, such as the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) (Hudson et al. 2020). This phenomenon has been hypothesized to reflect brief, local occurrences of a sleep-like state in neuronal groups involved in information processing subserving task performance (Van Dongen et al. 2011). Accordingly, the increased variability in the response time distribution, which may be quantified by the log of the signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR), has been interpreted as indicating a reduction in the fidelity of information processing (Chavali et al. 2017). The local, sleep-like state of neuronal groups is thought to be induced in response to TSD through a cascade of sleep regulatory substances (Hudson et al. 2020), including the cytokine TNFα.