China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Choroid Plexus Tumors
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Choroid plexus tumors occur more frequently in the supratentorial region than the infratentorial region. In children (median age of 1.5 years), choroid plexus tumors are found in the lateral ventricles (50%), fourth ventricle (40%), third ventricle (5%), and multiple ventricles (5%), whereas in adults aged 20–35 (median age of 22.5 years), these tumors are mainly present in the fourth ventricle and cerebellopontine angle.
Anatomical considerations
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Manual of Neuroanesthesia, 2017
The brain receives sensory stimuli and sends motor impulses to different parts of the body but is devoid of any sensation. However, the dura mater covering the brain and spinal cord possesses numerous sensory endings that are sensitive to stretching. The branches from the trigeminal, vagus, and the first three cervical spinal nerves and the branches from the cervical sympathetic trunk supply the dura covering the brain. Stimulation of the sensory endings in the dura produces referred pain to an area of skin supplied by these nerves, for example, from the supratentorial region, pain is referred to the skin of the head and face supplied by the trigeminal nerve and from the infratentorial region to the back of the neck and scalp (distribution of C2,C3).
The Governor Vessel (GV)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Postcraniotomy pain and headache can be severe and disabling due to the abundant supply of sensory fibers in the cranial dura mater.14 Nerve supply to the dura of the head has been a matter of some debate. Some claim that the trigeminal nerve simply supplies supratentorial structures while the vagus nerve supplies infratentorial regions, but further investigation suggests that dural innervation has far more complexity.
Prevalence of leukoencephalopathy and its potential cognitive sequelae in cancer patients
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2020
Gwen Schroyen, Michiel Meylaers, Sabine Deprez, Jeroen Blommaert, Ann Smeets, Sandra Jacobs, Stefan Sunaert, Charlotte Sleurs, Anne Uyttebroeck
Eight studies included patients who were diagnosed with other cancers than ALL.12,29,31,43,46,55–57 First, Koppelmans et al. (2015) described the prevalence of leukoencephalopathy in 187 breast cancer survivors (aged 50-80) 20 years after they had received chemo- (combination of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluoruoracil and oral MTX) and radiotherapy.55 When compared to age-matched healthy controls, patients showed a higher prevalence of both total cerebral and deep infratentorial microbleeds (MBs), but no increased risk of infarctions or white matter lesions. Additionally, patients with cerebral MBs in deep or infratentorial regions performed worse on tests of verbal memory and processing speed. Menning et al. (2017) confirmed these results in breast cancer patients (aged <70) 6 months after treatment with anthracycline-based chemotherapy, identifying no significant FLAIR white matter abnormalities. However, they did observe a clear shift from Fazekas score 0 to 1 in all breast cancer patient groups.56 In contrast, Choi et al. (2001) reviewed clinical records of breast cancer patients treated with a 5-fluorouracil derivative or a combination with 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and epirubicin, and they encountered six patients who developed leukoencephalopathy during chemotherapy on MR images.44
Patients with chronic mild or moderate traumatic brain injury have abnormal brain enlargement
Published in Brain Injury, 2020
David E. Ross, John D. Seabaugh, Jan M. Seabaugh, Claudia Alvarez, Laura Peyton Ellis, Christopher Powell, Christopher Hall, Christopher Reese, Leah Cooper, Alfred L. Ochs
All patients had NeuroQuant® 2.3 Triage Brain Atrophy analyses performed (https://www.cortechslabs.com/products/neuroquant/tba). For comparisons between the patients and the NeuroQuant® normal controls, the 44 regions from the Triage 2.3 analysis were used. These 44 regions included cortical gray matter, cerebral white matter, basal ganglia, infratentorial regions, and numerous cortical gray matter regions. These NeuroQuant® reports provided normative percentiles for each brain volume after adjusting the volumes for intracranial volume (by dividing by intracranial volume), matching for age (by comparing the volume to normal controls of the same age) and matching for sex (by comparing the volume to normal controls of the same sex). The volume data were averaged over left and right-sided counterpart brain regions.
Endoscopic botulinum toxin injection for treatment of pharyngeal dysphagia in patients with cricopharyngeal dysfunction
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018
Seok-Hoo Jeong, Yu Jin Kim, Yoon Jae Kim, Ki Deok Park, Eui Joo Kim, Jun-Won Chung, Kwang An Kwon, Kyoung Oh Kim, Dong Kyun Park, Jung Ho Kim, Jae Hee Cho
The baseline characteristics of the patients with pharyngeal dysphagia are summarized in Table 1. The mean age of all patients was 58.0 ± 12.6 years old. Among the 14 patients, 12 (85.7% 12/14) were men and 2 (14.3% 2/14) were women. The follow-up period after treatment ranged from 4 to 64 months. The causes of dysphagia in our patients were ischemic stroke (85.7%, 12/14) and hemorrhagic stroke (14.3%, 2/14). The locations of the lesions were in the supratentorial region (7.1%, 1/14), in the infratentorial region (78.6%, 11/14) and in the subarachnoid space (14.3%, 2/14). Among patients at increased risk for comorbidities eight (57.1% 8/14) had hypertension, four (28.6% 4/14) had diabetes mellitus, one (7.1% 1/14) had angina pectoris and one (7.1% 1/14) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nine (69.2% 9/13) patients had an FOIS score of 1 and four (30.8% 4/13) had a score of 5 on the pretreatment test.