China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Spinal Cord Disease
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
A syringomyelia is a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord tissue. Syringobulbia is a fluid-filled cavity within the brainstem. A dilation of the central spinal canal alone is termed hydromyelia.
Abnormal gas myelogram
Published in Milosh Perovitch, Radiological Evaluation of the Spinal Cord, 2019
Hydromyelia is a congenital dilatation of the central canal that can have the form of a narrow slit often found in necropsies, but it can also present a fairly large tubular cavity involving several segments, or even most of the length of the spinal cord. Hydromyelus can be associated with the spina bifida occulta, meningomyelocele, diaste-matomyelia, and Arnold-Chiari malformation. Thus, hydromyelia is linked to developmental malformations of the neural tube.59 Larger cavities in hydromyelia sometimes have the shape similar to the fetal canal.58 Hydromyelus is lined with epen-dymal cells; however, the ependymal lining may be incomplete at the margin of the cavity and replaced by thickened subependymal neuroglia that will extend into the cavity in the form of granulations. The direct connection between the hydromyelus and the central canal, as well as the fact that it is mostly lined with ependymal cells, differentiates this cavitation from primary or secondary syringomyelia or hematomyelia.58 Gas myelography, in the cases we had the chance to observe, showed a smooth widening of a shorter segment of the cervical spinal cord. Onl the sagittal diameter of the spinal cord was altered, whereas the transverse diameter remained within the upper normal limits. Changes of the position of the table with the patient in the right decubitus did not apparently influence the shape of the enlarged spinal cord, nor could we detect signs of spinal cord atrophy above or below the widening (Figure 4).
Association between subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced hydrocephalus and hydromyelia: pathophysiological changes developed in an experimental model
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
A continuous relationship has been well known between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways in the cranial area and the central channel of the medulla spinalis. A widening of this channel results in CSF accumulation in the developed cavity, an abnormality known as hydromyelia. Chronic CSF accumulation in the developed cavity is known as syringomyelia, which can sometimes present with septae. Accumulated CSF may put the neural tissues surrounding the central channel of the medulla spinalis under exceedingly abnormal pressure that can destroy the nature of the nerve cells and their connections [2]. Syringomyelia is characterized by a closed cavity that can regress spontaneously or persist and cause clinical symptoms. Syringomyelia is a pathological entity that involves many segments of the medulla spinalis and is associated with several disorders, such as Chiari malformations [2], intramedullary tumors [5], post-traumatic injuries [6], or post subdural infections [7]. Over time, the dilated central channel communicates with extracanalicular syringes in the parenchyma of the medulla spinalis, the non-communicating dilation of the central channel, and the fourth ventricle. Patients with hydrocephalus have demonstrated communicating hydrocephalus with central channel syringes [8].
Congenital Spinal Lipomatous Malformations. Part 2. Differentiation from Selected Closed Spinal Malformations
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2021
A terminal myelocystocele is in part a hydromyelic cyst of variable size formed by the retained terminus of the medullary spinal cord, the area probably including but not limited to the embryonic terminal ventricle. Hydromyelia is an enlargement of the central canal of the spinal cord. As a developmental lesion, isolated hydromyelia is usually asymptomatic in a newborn, although hydromyelia may be part of a more complex malformation. When hydromyelia is a prominent enlargement of the central canal, often in the lumbar spinal cord, the term hydromyelic cyst has been used, mostly by radiologists. Hydromyelic cysts cannot become very large within the confines of a normal spinal canal. They are not pressure lesions like a syrinx, so the spinal tracts simply bend around these innocuous cysts within the otherwise intact spinal cord [28]. On the other hand, formation of a terminal myelocystocele is outside the spinal canal due to a widely bifid lower spine that allows the caudal spinal cord to expand into a large, fluctuant, subcutaneous malformation. The enlargement in this malformation is of the terminal spinal cord wherein the central canal becomes geatly expanded and there is a tight adhesion of the neural tissue wall of this “hydromyelic cyst” to overlying skin (Figure 24).
Congenital Spinal Lipomatous Malformations. Part 1. Spinal Lipomas, Lipomyeloceles, and Lipomyelomeningoceles
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2020
A directly- or indirectly-related tethered spinal cord is common among patients with congenital spinal lipomatous malformations, and this can be the clinical setting that brings the patient to a surgeon. Associated diastematomyelia, hydromyelia, or a syrinx can be encountered. The patients may have dislocation of the hips, clubfeet, polydactyly, scoliosis, kyphosis, perineal anomaly, sacral agenesis, the Currarino syndrome (triad of sacral agenesis, presacral meningocele, and anorectal anomaly), upper gastrointestinal atresia, renal or cardiac anomalies, intraspinal arachnoidal cysts, epidermoid or dermoid cysts, a benign sacrococcygeal teratoma, or neurocutaneous melanosis [21, 24, 54, 62, 64, 73, 112–121].