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Diagnosing Tourette syndrome
Published in Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta, James F. Leckman, Understanding Tourette Syndrome, 2019
Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta
Main clinical scales for the assessment of QoL in TS (Table 3.6): YGTSS (see the previous paragraph), Social Impairment subpart. It is used in both children and adults.Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome – Quality of Life Scale for Children and Adolescents – C&A-GTS-QOL. Scale areas: cognitive diseases, coprolalia/praxia, psychological diseases, physical diseases, OC component and activities of daily life. It is used in children and adolescents.Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome – Quality of Life Scale-GTS-QOL is equivalent to the latter, but it is for adults.
Child and adolescent psychiatry
Published in Ben Green, Problem-based Psychiatry, 2018
Other problems associated with childhood may include tics (involuntary, rapid, recurrent non-rhythmic motor movements) like eye blinking and grimacing, non-organic enuresis (bedwetting) and non-organic encopresis (passage of faeces in inappropriate places). Tics are relatively common (10–20%) and usually resolve themselves. Rarely tics may form part of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and may respond to small doses of haloperidol. Non-organic enuresis occurs in 10% of five year olds, 4% of eight year olds and 1% of 14 year olds. Management involves excluding organic problems (such as urinary tract infection), family assessment and behavioural therapies such as ‘star charts’ and ‘bell and pad’ alarms.
Questions and Answers
Published in David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly, MRCPsych Paper I One-Best-Item MCQs, 2017
David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly
Answer: D. The mean age of onset for obsessive compulsive disorder is 20 years. Social phobia typically begins to develop after puberty. The mean age of onset of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is seven years. Features of Asperger’s syndrome are commonly noted from the age of three or earlier. The majority of females with anorexia nervosa have onset within five years of menarche [H. pp. 68, 75, 93, 277, 287]
Treatment of psychiatric disturbances in common hyperkinetic movement disorders
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
Isabella Berardelli, Massimo Pasquini, Antonella Conte, Matteo Bologna, Alfredo Berardelli, Giovanni Fabbrini
Tics are spontaneous, brief, repetitive, and stereotyped involuntary muscle contractions that occur on a background of normal activity. Tics may be motor or phonic, are often preceded by a sensation or urge to execute the tic and are accompanied by transient relief once they have been performed [30]. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is characterized by the presence of two or more motor tics and at least one phonic tic with onset <18 years of age; tics in this syndrome occur many times a day nearly every day, and last longer than one year [31]. In addition to motor symptoms, patients with chronic tics, particularly those with TS, often exhibit psychiatric disturbances. These disturbances include obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which may be present in up to 72% of individuals, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which may be observed in up to 50% of children and adolescents with TS, depression, anxiety, impulse control disorders, sleep disturbances, conduct disorder, rage attacks, oppositional defiant disorder, and self-injurious behavior [3,32–35].
The effect of shorter exposure versus prolonged exposure on treatment outcome in Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders – an open trial
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2018
Jolande M. T. M. van de Griendt, Maarten K. van Dijk, Cara W. J. Verdellen, Marc J. P. M. Verbraak
Tic disorders, including Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorders (CTD), are neuropsychiatric disorders that are characterised by brief, sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic, motor movements or sounds, the so called tics (APA, 2013). Usually, tic disorders have a childhood onset occurring more often in boys than in girls. At the end of the spectrum, tics may have severe impact on mental and physical health including social, educational and occupational functioning. Physically, tics may lead to damage due to the self-injurious behaviour, or overstraining of muscles or joints and thus lead to functional impairments for patients (Robertson, 2000). Effective treatment of tics at an early stage is recommended for children whose tic symptoms result in distress and functional impairment.
Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders: an update on clinical management
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2018
Davide Martino, Tamara M Pringsheim
In most cases, active interventions for tics are considered when tics cause physical or psychosocial impairment. There is great interindividual variability in both when and how tics cause impairment. It is useful to ask patients if and how their tics interfere with daily life, and if any of their activities need to be modified due to the presence of tics. Quantifying tic severity and tic-related impairment using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) [7] and tic-related quality of life with the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome – Quality of Life Scale [34] can be helpful in measuring change over time and with the use of active interventions.