China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Mechanisms of Recovery After Acquired Brain Injury
Published in Barbara A. Wilson, Jill Winegardner, Caroline M. van Heugten, Tamara Ownsworth, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2017
However, the development of new imaging techniques, especially those measuring metabolic changes in brain tissue, has led to a revival of the concept of diaschisis. When defined as any remote alteration in brain functioning directly caused by a lesion inducing abnormal behaviour and resolving over time, diaschisis has been identified in an increasing number of studies. For example, Carrera and Tononi (2014) made a distinction between several types of diaschisis. Focal diaschisis concerns changes in well-defined brain areas at a distance from a focal lesion, whereas connectional diaschisis regards changes in connectivity between the affected area(s) and distant brain regions.
Neuropharmacologic considerations in the treatment of vegetative state and minimally conscious state following brain injury
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Clauss and Nel90 studied the effect of zolpidem on three patients who had been in vegetative state for at least 3 years. Prior to drug administration, the patients’ Rancho Los Amigos levels ranged from I to II, and their Glasgow Coma Scale scores were between VI and IX. All three patients regained transient awareness and the ability to follow commands and communicate for up to 4 hours after drug administration. One hour after drug administration, Rancho Los Amigos levels increased to between V and VII, and Glasgow Coma Scale scores ranged from X to XV. It is noteworthy that all of the patients who emerged from vegetative state did so within 1 hour on the first day that the drug was administered. However, all three patients returned to vegetative state daily when the effect of the medication subsided. Clauss and Nel90 postulated that brain injury triggers a state of dormancy of normal, unaffected brain tissue called diaschisis and that the symptoms exhibited by brain-injured patients are the result of a combination of structural brain damage as well as neurodormancy. Reversal of diaschisis was proposed to explain the drug effect.
Vocal Motor Disorders *
Published in Rolland S. Parker, Concussive Brain Trauma, 2016
It is inaccurate to ascribe this condition to RH damage, and this statement has been based upon studies focusing primarily upon cerebrovascular accidents. Extensive neurological and somatic structures participate in vocalization. Some are lateralized to the LH; some are bilateral. Diaschisis effects contralateral structures and the association of aprosodia with other disorders.
Corpus Callosal Microstructure Predicts Bimanual Motor Performance in Chronic Stroke Survivors: a Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2023
Rini Varghese, Brianna Chang, Bokkyu Kim, Sook-Lei Liew, Nicolas Schweighofer, Carolee J. Winstein
Methodological limitations of this study offer opportunities for future research. First, control imaging datasets were acquired on a different scanner. Although we accounted for this in our statistical model, future work could ensure better homogeneity of scanner-related variance across groups. Second, the issue of fiber crossing,20 even though less pronounced for the CC, must be taken into consideration when interpreting lower FA values. Third, bimanual tasks studied here represent a very small subset of a known large repertoire of bimanual skills, and the lack of behavioral data in neurologically intact controls leaves room for interpreting the nature of interlimb coordination. Lastly, retrospective design and a relatively small sample size, especially of those individuals who chose a unimanual strategy, warrant replication with larger samples. Whereas correlational analysis is the current standard for brain-behavior analysis using structural imaging, future work that extends to prospective multimodal imaging might reveal new insights into transcallosal diaschisis after stroke in humans.
Neuroanatomical and electrophysiological recovery in the contralateral intact cortex following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats
Published in Neurological Research, 2018
Sheng-Yang Huang, Chih-Han Chang, Hsin-Yi Hung, Yu-Wen Lin, E-Jian Lee
Optimal sensorimotor function requires both anatomical integrity and functional linkage between gray and white matter [4,7]. These structures and their axonal synapto-dendritic connections, as well as the functional, metabolic, and electrophysiological linkage, are involved in the processing and integration of sensorimotor information [12,25]. Remote dendritic spine changes may cause the development of transhemispheric electrophysiological diaschisis after stroke. Consistent with previous work, our data indicated that electrophysiological diaschisis occurs in the remote area quickly, but improves slowly over time both in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres [4,16]. Dendritic spine density and electrophysiological outcomes returned to normal simultaneously in the contralateral hemisphere by 28 days after stroke. One of the most reasonable explanations for diaschisis in the contralateral brain is transhemispheric/transcallosal deafferentation [12]. Moreover, these remote neuronal activity changes have also been linked with decreased γ-aminobutyric acid receptor expressions [26] and are observed in models of both transient and permanent arterial occlusions [12,27] or intracerebral hemorrhage models [26,28].
Relationship between upper limb function and functional neural connectivity among motor related-areas during recovery stage after stroke
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2020
Takashi Hoshino, Kazuyo Oguchi, Kenji Inoue, Aiko Hoshino, Minoru Hoshiyama
Although abnormal connectivity after stroke, such as diaschisis, was reported13,14, functional recovery among motor-related areas has been suggested to be primarily associated with motor function recovery.3,14 Connectivity analysis has not been common in clinical evaluation and research on it has been limited by experimental equipment and procedures. However, previous studies using electroencephalography (EEG) suggested the clinical usefulness of FC analysis to predict motor recovery after stroke, e.g. FCs between ipsi-lesional primary motor cortex (M1) and premotor cortex (PMC)11 and the FC related to ipsi-lesional M1 in the β frequency band14 were associated with functional recovery.