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Sexual assault of women of color
Published in Rachel E. Lovell, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Sexual Assault Kits and Reforming the Response to Rape, 2023
Systemic change requires a three-step process—individual work, interpersonal work, and institutional work. This three-step process will assist in ensuring that systemic change is accomplished through the lens of equity and inclusion. Individual or micro-level work includes examining one's own culture, morals and values, and biases. Individuals must take the time to educate themselves regarding the historical trauma that exists for survivors of sexual violence and how it manifests today. This chapter is only a snapshot! Leaders within organizations must understand what it means to lead a trauma-informed and culturally inclusive organization. Leadership readiness is paramount to fostering an equitable and inclusive culture. At the interpersonal level, one must examine how our beliefs and cultural norms manifest when engaging with people from various cultures. What stereotypes have you internalized regarding your own identities? What stereotypes might you unconsciously project when engaging with survivors or even colleagues? What biases might be present during your decision-making process?
Ethical practice and professional decision-making
Published in Michael Weir, Law and Ethics in Complementary Medicine, 2023
In many cases the ethical decision-making process will not be in the context of a team or group, or in a hospital setting involving different health practitioners and levels of decision-making and protocols, as may apply to some orthodox medical situations; rather, it will involve an ethical decision by a sole complementary medicine practitioner. Despite these significant differences, the principles derived from bioethics can provide valuable insights in the decision-making process for complementary medicine practitioners.
Medications
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
In the face of uncertainty, a shared decision-making process is required. Factors favouring continuation are longer life expectancy, a recent vascular event and patient (or surrogate) preference/goals. Factors favouring discontinuation are shorter life expectancy, no recent vascular event, suspected adverse effects (or at risk of) and the burden of taking medications, including dysphagia and anorexia. The is some evidence that the benefits from statins are preserved after discontinuation.83,84
Analysis and visualization of the course and burden over time of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributed to TNFα-inhibitors in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs)
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2023
Merel de Boer, Helen R Gosselt, Jurriaan Jansen, Martijn B.A van Doorn, Frank Hoentjen, Michael T Nurmohamed, Phyllis I Spuls, Sander W Tas, Harald E Vonkeman, Naomi T Jessurun
Patients are increasingly involved in the decision-making process regarding their treatment. However, several studies have shown that there is a discrepancy between the information provided and the information patients prefer [1–3]. Most of the available information on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) focuses on their frequency, even though patients prefer information on the severity of ADRs and whether or when the ADR will disappear [4–6]. Similar conclusions were drawn from a study from our group that studied the information preferences of patients using biologicals in the Netherlands [7]. Based on a survey among participants of the Dutch Biologic Monitor (DBM), they concluded that these patients were more interested in the ADR course, what kind of ADRs are attributed to the use of a specific biological and whether other patients with the same disease experience similar ADRs. Furthermore, patients focus more on burden (i.e. the extent to which patients experience the side effect as annoying/burdensome) in the reporting of ADRs compared to health-care providers, indicating this is an important factor for them as well [8,9]. However, little is known about the course and burden of ADRs attributed to biologicals, especially about their development over time [10,11]. The guidelines for management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis only state that injection site reactions caused by etanercept and adalimumab usually resolve spontaneously in one to 2 months after initiation of therapy [12].
Evaluation of the quality of health and safety services with SERVPERF and multi-attribute decision-making methods
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Selçuk Alp, Fatih Yilmaz, Ebru Geçici
The AHP method has been criticized for its inadequate handling of uncertainty and indecision [35]. In addition, the AHP method, although it deals with the knowledge of the expert, cannot reflect the human thinking style [36]. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the FAHP method has been proposed. Digitizing verbal expressions and combining different thoughts can be achieved through the FAHP method. Thus, uncertainty in the decision-making process can be overcome more easily. There are many FAHP approaches in the literature that have been put forward by different researchers. The first study on FAHP was made by Van Laarhoven and Pedrycz [37]. Later, the FAHP approach was discussed by Buckley [38] and Boender et al. [39], followed by Chang [40] and Cheng [41]. Different solution algorithms are put forward in each of these approaches.
Thinking without speaking: Neuropsychological testing with individuals who have communication impairments
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Simritpal Kaur Malhi, Penny Welch-West, Anna Maria Koo, Jennifer Fogarty, Andrea Lazosky
The capacity for decision-making in healthcare involves four components: understanding, appreciation, reasoning, and expression of a choice (Grisso & Appelbaum, 1998). The critical issue is not the decision but the decision-making process, whether the individual has the capacity to understand information relevant to a decision and appreciate the consequences of that decision or lack of decision, and whether or not the decision is consistent with the individual’s beliefs, values, and reality. In order to demonstrate understanding of the information that is relevant to a decision, the individual must demonstrate an ability to understand the facts upon which the decision will be based, retain the information, and interpret information regarding available options and risks. In order to demonstrate appreciation for the effect of a decision or lack of decision, the individual must be able to demonstrate the ability to reason, to manipulate the facts in a logical fashion, to apply the facts to their own personal situation (insight), and to anticipate consequences.