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Cortical Deafness (Plus Other Central Hearing Disorders)
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
Cortical deafness occurs when a person cannot hear due to brain damage, but has a healthy peripheral auditory system. That is, your ears are fine but you cannot hear. Partial hearing loss is common after strokes, but complete cortical deafness is much rarer (Bamiou, 2015). In other words, while it is extremely easy to partially damage a person's ability to hear, it is extremely difficult to completely take hearing away, for reasons that will be discussed later.
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
Cortical deafness is the impoverished auditory perception resulting from pathology to AUDITORY CORTEX. Depending on the spatial extent and severity of the pathology, the perceptual defect varies from complete unresponsivity to sound, to a putative auditory AGNOSIA in which sounds are detectable but poorly differentiated. In rare instances, the lesion is restricted to the PRIMARY SENSORY CORTEX, and the functional defect is restricted to the perceptual elaboration of brief, closely spaced sounds of the kind required by normal SPEECH PERCEPTION. Cortically deaf listeners are not necessarily aphasic (see APHASIA) but their language processor is deprived of acoustic input.
Central deafness: a review of past and current perspectives
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2019
Frank E. Musiek, Gail D. Chermak, Barbara Cone
This term, which may have been first used by Henschen (1918), often is used interchangeably with CD and also may be synonymous with generalised auditory agnosia. Some have differentiated CD and cortical deafness suggesting that cortical deafness involves CANS compromise that is limited to the primary auditory areas of the cortex (and auditory association cortex) bilaterally; however, cases of true cortical deafness from isolated lesions of the cortex either are rare or non-existent (Tanaka et al. 1991). Others consider cortical deafness a subtype of CD (Hood, Berlin, and Allen 1994). Like CD, cortical deafness sometimes is transient, resolving rapidly into more selective auditory disorders, such as word deafness (Mendez and Geehan 1988; Polster and Rose 1998; Rigon et al. 2010). For example, one of the three cases of cortical deafness reported by Musiek and colleagues in 1994 progressed form cortical deafness to word deafness that persisted (Musiek, Baran, and Pinheiro 1994). Others have suggested that some patients believed to suffer from cortical deafness may in fact suffer from auditory inattention or auditory neglect (Heilman and Valenstein 1972; Hugdahl, Wester, and Asbjørnsen 1991). More recent reports implicate auditory neglect in some patients with auditory lesions as evidenced by dichotic listening performance (e.g. left ear extinction) and localisation deficits demonstrating profound bias to one side of space (e.g. Bellmann, Meuli, and Clarke 2001; Cavinato et al. 2012; Griffiths et al. 2000). Like CD, cortical deafness is most frequently caused by cerebrovascular accidents (Tanaka et al. 1991; Szirmai, Farsang, and Csüri 2003). Given the extensive overlap between CD and cortical deafness, we will use the terms CD and CCD to include cases of so-called cortical deafness. As elaborated below, lesions outside the cortex have been implicated in CD, CCD and so-called “cortical” deafness.
Subcortical deafness as a subtype of auditory agnosia after injury of bilateral auditory radiations caused by two cerebrovascular accidents – normal auditory brainstem responses with I–VII waves and abolished consciousness of hearing –
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Ryohei Akiyoshi, Mitsuko Shindo, Kimitaka Kaga
Cortical deafness is one of central auditory disorders in the brain. Patients with cortical deafness present with complete hearing loss despite normal distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Although cortical deafness has been known to be due to damage of both temporal lobes, little is known about why the damage can abolish consciousness of hearing and what lesions can produce this manifestation.