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Order Tymovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), a type member of the genus Marafivirus of 30 nm in diameter possesses T = 3 icosahedral symmetry and presents two components: empty shells and complete virions carrying the 6.3 kb genomic RNA. Both particles are composed of two serologically related, carboxy coterminal, coat proteins (CP) of apparent molecular mass 21–22 kDa (CP2) and 24–28 kDa (CP1) in a molar ratio of 3:1, respectively. CP1 contains a 37 aa N-terminal extension of CP2.
Prospective Therapeutic Applications of Bacteriocins as Anticancer Agents
Published in Ananda M. Chakrabarty, Arsénio M. Fialho, Microbial Infections and Cancer Therapy, 2019
Lígia F. Coelho, Nuno Bernardes, Arsénio M. Fialho
Pediocins are heat-stable small molecules considered in the class II bacteriocins category. These molecules are produced by species of the LAB bacteria genera Pediococcus, and they are encoded in plasmids. Pediocins PA-1, K2a2-3, and CP2 are produced by different strains of Pediococcus acidilactici, which have been reported to have anticancer activity. Tests in human lung A549 and human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines showed viability decrease on treatment with pediocin PA-1 at very low concentrations. Likewise, pediocin K2a2-3, isolated from Pediococcus acidilactici K2a2-3, also displayed toxic bioactivity against human colon and cervical adenocarcinoma cell lines, inhibiting these cells by 50%, although no mechanism of action is suggested. Pediocin CP2, produced by Pediococcus acidilactici CP2 MTCC5101, decreased viability of human breast, cervical, and liver carcinoma cells as also of murine spleen lymphoblast cell line. And rec-pediocin CP2 decreased cell viability by 100% of the murine spleen lymphoblast cell line. Finally, the authors also described that rec-pediocin caused apoptosis of the cancer cells after 48h of incubation, as studied by the DNA fragmentation method [2, 31, 32].
Optimal beam angle selection and knowledge-based planning significantly reduces radiotherapy dose to organs at risk for lung cancer patients
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2021
L. Hoffmann, M. M. Knap, M. Alber, D. S. Møller
As a clinical validation, MLD, MHD and MED were compared for CP0 and CP2, see Figure 3. MLD decreased from 10.8 Gy ± 3.7 Gy to 9.3 Gy ± 3.5 Gy for the CP0 plans compared to the CP2 plans. MED decreased from 17.2 Gy ± 8.4 Gy to 14.3 Gy ± 8.0 Gy. The mean value of MHD decreased from 4.9 Gy ± 5.3 Gy (CP0) to 4.1 Gy ± 3.8 Gy (CP2), but it was not significantly different (p = .132). MLD, MHD and MED were not significantly different between CP2 and BA2 plans. The PTV volume was not significantly different (p = .195). This shows, that the dosimetric benefit obtained by using the RapidPlan model for plan optimization in the modeling part of this study (cohort 1) was maintained for clinical plans created by different dose planners after the clinical implementation of the RapidPlan M2 (cohort 2).
A Probe Study on Vocal Development in Two Infants at Risk for Cerebral Palsy
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Helen L. Long, Naomi Eichorn, D. Kimbrough Oller
At 24 months, CP2 obtained an MB-CDI raw word score of 0, indicating no functional expressive words. Parent report at this time also indicated that CP2 was able to recognize her name but did not combine different syllables or use any words. At 27 months, CP2 was diagnosed with severe spastic CP and quadriplegia. By 36 months, CP2 remained nonverbal and was still vocalizing using canonical syllable singletons only (two canonical syllables reported: [ba] and [da]). Per parent and SLP report at this age, CP2 demonstrated significant cognitive impairments, and as a result, no formal speech or language assessment data is available. All areas of motor function in CP2 were limited, and she had no means of independent movement.
Interaction-focussed therapy for aphasia: Effects on communication and quality of life
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2018
A promising outcome of this study was the significant increases in a positive behaviour for CP2 and CP3; namely, commenting. It seems reasonable to infer that (perhaps most of) CP2 and CP3’s increased commenting is tied to their reductions in test questioning. That is, these conversation partner participants were able to use comments to fill some of the interactional spaces previously occupied by test questions. It is then also interesting to note that conversation partners’ negative and paedagogic behaviours were not entirely eliminated in the post-therapy samples. This persistence might be attributable to the timing of the conversation sampling. That is, conversation partner participants might have still been consolidating the inhibition of these behaviours. Therefore, we might speculate that samples collected longer after the completion of therapy would have evidenced less test questioning and correction, and perhaps also more commenting. Another explanation is that test questioning and correction are not necessarily always problematic or disruptive for conversations involving people with aphasia. Test questions, for example, predetermine the kinds of content that people with aphasia may appropriately respond with, thereby helping conversation partners interpret potentially problematic talk, and decreasing the likelihood of persistent repair. Hence, in some circumstances, test questions might represent a coarse but pragmatic method of topic (or conversation) initiation (e.g. and do you remember who we saw yesterday?) (see Beeke, Beckley, et al., 2013). In addition, bringing problems with speaking, hearing and understanding to the fore using correction can be more desirable than allowing them to pass unremarked (cf. Barnes & Ferguson, 2015; Jefferson, 2007; and Dyad 2’s comments above on correcting and cueing). Complete elimination of some problematic behaviours might, therefore, not be a feasible or desirable outcome for interaction-focussed therapy.