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Psychiatric symptoms
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Facts about delirium should be known to all. “It is not too unusual for delirium to come and go without a specific cause being identified” (Wells, 1985, p. 848). Actually,Acute brain disorders are caused by diffuse impairment of brain function. Such impairment may result from a variety of conditions including high fevers, nutritional deficiency and drug intoxication. Symptoms range from mild mood changes to acute delirium. The prognosis in acute brain disorder is good. Such conditions usually clear up over a short period of time.(Coleman, 1976, p. 460)
Current in vivo Models for Brain Disorders
Published in Carla Vitorino, Andreia Jorge, Alberto Pais, Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery, 2021
Marta Guerra-Rebollo, Cristina Garrido
At present, there is a large spectrum of brain disorders which can be classified into: neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), brain tumours or ischaemic stroke. These deficits are the results of intrinsic brain dysfunction or environmental interaction with the brain. The pathological nature of the CNS disease determines the animal model used to mimic that disorder (Table 13.1).
Peptides in Brain Disorders
Published in Mesut Karahan, Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
Hüseyin Ünübol, Gökben Hızlı Sayar
To understand brain disorders dopaminergic, GABAergic, opioid, cholinergic, serotonergic, and other pathway receptors and the effects of genetic differences on carriers are very important. Functional disorders of these pathways cause brain disorders such as schizophrenia, ADHD, impulse control disorders, addiction, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease.
Integrated neuropsychological and cognitive behavioural therapy after acquired brain injury: A pragmatic randomized clinical trial
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Cornelia Exner, Bettina K. Doering, Nico Conrad, Anna Künemund, Sarah Zwick, Kerstin Kühl, Steffen Nestler, Winfried Rief
The present study investigated whether an integrated neuropsychological and cognitive behavioural psychotherapy intervention (nCBT) is effective in reducing psychopathology and functional disability, and in improving levels of participation and QoL for individuals presenting with chronic cognitive and emotional sequelae of various levels of severity, complexity and duration after ABI.if applied to individuals with non-progressive brain disorders of varying etiology.if tailored to individual needs without a fixed number of sessions.if delivered by therapists who are trained to use a manualized set of evidence-based components but are not formally monitored for treatment fidelity.if delivered as individual outpatient treatment in a routine psychotherapy setting (under the regulations of the German health care system).
Human placental trophoblast progenitor cells (hTPCs) promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Muge Molbay, Eylem Özaydın-Goksu, Dijle Kipmen-Korgun, Ali Unal, Murat Ozekinci, Erhan Cebeci, Emin Maltepe, Emin Turkay Korgun
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is constituted by the brain capillary endothelium and excludes more than 100% of large molecule and 98% of all small molecule drugs outside the brain [31]. Overcoming the difficulty of administering therapeutic agents to specific regions of the brain is a major challenge in the treatment of most brain disorders. In the neuroprotective role, the BBB functions to prevent the transfer of some potentially important diagnostic and therapeutic agents to the brain. Therapeutic molecules and antibodies that may be effective in diagnosis and treatment do not pass BBB adequately. VEGF has a multifaceted role in increasing cerebral microvascular perfusion and enhancing BBB leakage in the ischemic brain. This is related to the MMP-inducing effect of VEGF during angiogenic activity. Newly formed vessels require opening of the BBB [32]. Therefore, VEGF-mediated BBB leak is advantageous for stem cell treatment.
The future of neuromodulation: smart neuromodulation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Dirk De Ridder, Jarek Maciaczyk, Sven Vanneste
Every thought, feeling, memory is generated in and by our brain [1–3]. These thoughts, feelings, and memories are emergent properties of complex patterns represented by brain networks [1–3]. The patterns may be too complex to extract by simple pattern recognition, but could theoretically be decodable using advanced artificial intelligence. But not only normal physiological thoughts, feelings and memories relate to network phenomena, abnormal patterns of brain activity and connectivity should be retrievable and can be linked to symptoms of brain disorders [1]. Indeed, it has been proposed that many brain disorders are connectivity disorders [4,5], also known as dysconnectivity [6,7] or dysconnection [8] disorders. In other words, many brain disorders are the consequence of altered connections within or between brain networks or brain circuits (= circuitopathy) [9]. Alternatively, brain disorders could also be a combination of activity and connectivity dysfunction [10], rather than a pure activity disorder [11].