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Early AccessPrimary Mental Health in the Community
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Margaret J.J. Thompson, Roy Smith
The PMHW role changed during our teams’ time with the family. I was initially the case holder and formulated a care plan that remained largely unchanged over the 18 months the family worked with us. An ASD assessment was completed and a diagnosis of Asperger’s syndrome made. I had left the process by this stage and the change from my case-holder role meant I could take on a new family.
Central nervous system: Paediatric and neurodevelopmental disorders
Published in Angus Clarke, Alex Murray, Julian Sampson, Harper's Practical Genetic Counselling, 2019
This puzzling and undoubtedly heterogeneous condition requires considerable care in genetic counselling and should be regarded more as a label for a set of behaviours than as a single, specific diagnosis. Parents may benefit from an explanation that a diagnosis of autism and a diagnosis of a genetic condition can complement each other and do not cut across or conflict with each other: they simply derive from different domains of expertise and are of use in answering different questions or concerns. The genetic diagnosis refers to the underlying trigger of a set of problems that interfere with learning and communication and that, in their child, has resulted in behaviours described by psychologists as ‘autism’. This term seems to be used popularly to cover a wide and sometimes poorly defined range of phenotypes, the autistic spectrum. The term Asperger syndrome may be used to cover the milder cases, in which there are patches of normal or even above-normal ability in someone who has problems in other areas, typically interpersonal communication and the recognition and expression of emotion.
Intellectual Impairments
Published in Elizabeth Broad, Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes, 2019
Autism spectrum, or more broadly Autism Spectrum Disorders, are a range of disorders characterised by significant and chronic impairment in a number of different neurodevelopmental areas. In particular, social interaction (especially the perception of social cues); communication skills (verbal and nonverbal) and restricted, repetitive or obsessive behaviour patterns. Symptoms are typically noticed between 1 and 2 years of age. The American Psychiatric Association (2013) DSM-5 defines the autism spectrum disorders to encompass the previous diagnoses of autism, Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and childhood disintegrative disorder. Asperger syndrome is more uniquely characterised by difficulties specifically with nonverbal communication, restricted and repetitive behaviours and physical clumsiness, while their linguistic skills and cognitive development are preserved.
Can sensory discrimination ability in children with low functioning autism be used as an index of cognitive ability—an exploratory study
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
The issue of cognitive assessment and autism has always been a kind of oxymoron; because a psychometric test situation is typically a social situation where dyadic communication between the tester and the testee is a mandatory prerequisite. In the present study, ‘Low Functioning Autism’ or LFA has been operationalized as individuals with autism and associated mental retardation and predominant language deficits. On the other hand, ‘High-functioning autism’ or HFA has been used to refer to individuals with the triad of autism diagnostic impairments whose current levels of cognitive functioning and language, despite their intrinsic oddities are relatively less pathological in comparison to their low functioning peers. Thus the term includes people with ‘Asperger syndrome’. However, it should be kept in mind that this distinction between HFA and LFA is purely nosological and based on academic considerations.
Workplace accommodations for adults with autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Ghaidaa Khalifa, Zonera Sharif, Madiha Sultan, Briano Di Rezze
Participants of the included studies were adults with primary diagnoses of ASD (including Asperger’s syndrome). Participants in several studies also had co-morbidities such as attention deficit hyperactivity and obsessive–compulsive disorders, Tourette’s syndrome, severe visual impairment [10], mild cerebral palsy, epilepsy, Down syndrome [14], and/or mental retardation [28,31–33,38]. Participants’ age range was 18–65 years. However, one study (a systematic review) included participants between 13 and 30 years [5] and another systematic review included participants between 15 and 65 years [39]. Participants’ educational levels were only mentioned in six studies [6,12,14,30,36,38]. In these studies, participants had high school diplomas [6,14,36,38], post-secondary qualifications such as diplomas or certificates [12,30], or university degrees at both undergraduate and graduate levels [6,12,30].
Decreased theory of mind skills, increased emotion dysregulation and insight levels in adolescents diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2019
Kemal Utku Yazici, Ipek Percinel Yazici
To date, only one study has indirectly assessed ToM skills in the child-adolescent age group with OCD [15]. The previous study included 20 patients with OCD and 20 comparison patients (non-OCD psychiatric disorders) between the ages of 8 and 18 years and the Axis I and Axis II phenomenological characteristics (plus empathy disorder) were examined. Patients’ empathy skills were examined using ToM tests. The Sally–Anne test and John and Mary test were used for these examinations. Patients who were unsuccessful in at least one test were reported to have an empathy disorder. The results of the study indicated that five patients with OCD had an empathy disorder. One of the five patients met the diagnostic criteria for Asperger syndrome. Moreover, conducting a statistical analysis was not possible owing to the small sample size. ToM deficits observed in patients with OCD are not unique to OCD [15]. The ToM deficit in the OCD cases in the study was consistent with our study. However, in the aforementioned study, comorbid psychopathologies were not excluded and there was not a healthy control group. Also, no statistical analysis was performed. All these reasons make it difficult to interpret the findings.