China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Discussions (D)
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
The “hooker” seemed to arise from the authors’ considerations of whether tactile and pressure sensations were carried by fibers in the “anterolateral funiculus tract” (e.g., p. 44–46) and, if so, where (e.g., p. 55–56]. They concluded that these sensations were carried by fibers in that “tract,” but tentatively placed the relevant fibers throughout the anterior funiculus (“Vorderstrang,” p. 56) rather than in the anterolateral funiculus. Although the evidence for this placement was slight, as the authors themselves acknowledged (p. 56),3 they illustrated it in a now well-known diagram that has found its way into even recent texts (see Factual Conflict 10 under D: Spinothalamic tract for details of how transmission from text to text seemed to turn the speculation into “fact”). Since the fibers subserving touch and pressure were placed in the anterior funiculus and were considered part of the “anterolateral funiculus tract,” it’s easy to see how someone scanning the article might think that the anterior funiculus was considered part of the anterolateral funiculus by the authors. More broadly, the article probably caused many readers to associate the limits of the anterolateral funiculus with the limits of the spinothalamic tract. As a consequence, one might expect that the considerable factual controversy over the limits of the spinothalamic tract (see Factual Conflict 6 under D: Spinothalamic tract for details) might be mirrored in marked semantic conflict as to the definition of the “anterolateral funiculus.”
Cletus
Published in Walter J. Hendelman, Peter Humphreys, Christopher R. Skinner, The Integrated Nervous System, 2017
Walter J. Hendelman, Peter Humphreys, Christopher R. Skinner
The finding of loss of sensation to pinprick below the umbilicus needs to be localized. The sensory fibers for pain and temperature originate in the periphery and enter the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord in the substantial gelatinosa. There, the fibers synapse on to a second order neuron, which projects to the opposite side through the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord in front of the central canal to form the lateral spinothalamic tract on the opposite side. The lateral spinothalamic tract ascends to terminate in the ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus. From there is a third order neuron, which connects the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe. To localize this finding, there would have to be widespread symmetric damage to all peripheral nerves below the umbilicus. More likely, the findings can be explained by transection of the spinothalamic tracts on both sides at the level of the lower thoracic spinal cord.
Rare anterior funiculus lesions in subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord: a case report and literature review
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2020
Lei Wu, Bingxin Shi, Mangsuo Zhao, Hui Sun, Fangfang Zhang, Jie Li, Dehui Huang, Zhen Shi
The sensory level is also a rare presentation in SCD patients. However, we found that all the five cases mentioned above had a sensory level (our patient had anterior and lateral lesions; two cases had anterior and posterior lesions [13, 14]; the other two had posterior, lateral and anterior funiculus lesions [11, 12]). Furthermore, there are also cases with sensory level and lateral lesions while the anterior region is preserved [15, 16]. We suggest that the sensory level may be due to lesions of the spinothalamic tract and lateral funiculus, or alternatively, impairment of extensive commissura anterior alba medullae spinalis. The appearance of sensory level may indicate a severe condition with extensive involvement of lateral and/or anterior funiculus.
Standing postural stability during galvanic vestibular stimulation is associated with the motor function of the hemiplegic lower extremity post-stroke
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2020
Tsubasa Mitsutake, Maiko Sakamoto, Kozo Ueta, Etsuo Horikawa
We showed that the stroke group had significantly lower standing body sway response during GVS than did the control group. Stroke might decrease the function of the vestibular system by injuring various regions of the brain. GVS related to postural control response has an effect on the vestibulospinal reflex.4 Central structures and pathways involved in the vestibulospinal reflex run from spinal cord motor nerve cells via anterior funiculus of the spinal cord to the vestibular nuclei, and impairment occurring within these structures might inhibit the performance of the standing body sway response. Moreover, previous study showed that patients with middle cerebral artery infraction showed decreased tract volume of the core vestibular pathway to the parieto-insular vestibular cortex using the diffusion tensor imaging.18 The parieto-insular vestibular cortex is a core region of vestibular input into the cortical regions in the central vestibular system,19–21 and ischemic lesions in this region cause typical vestibular symptoms.22–24 Therefore, brain injuries may reduce postural control functions related to vestibular input. On the other hand, previous study reported that chronic stroke patients increased their body sway during GVS compared to healthy control subjects,25 which is inconsistent with this study. The initial months post-stroke appear to be periods where individual perceptual motor adaptation occurs.26 During the first year after stroke, defective sensory reweighting affects hemiparetic patients’ balance control.27 It is possible that postural stability during vestibular stimulation may change depending on the time since stroke.
Accurate simulation of the herniated cervical intervertebral disc using controllable expansion: a finite element study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Dong Liang, Guan-Jun Tu, Ya-Xin Han, Da-Wei Guo
As demonstrated by the data obtained by the FE analysis of the graded spinal cord compression injury, the greater the cervical cord compressed by the protruding intervertebral disc, the larger area with higher stress was identified. In the condition of mild compression, simply low stress distributions were observed in a portion of the anterior funiculus. As the level of oppression increased, the ventral deformation of the spinal cord intensified, and the stress diffused to the anterior horn and intermediate gray of the grey matter, which could probably account for the progression of neurological symptoms.