China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Immunology of Aging and Cancer Development
Published in Shamim I. Ahmad, Aging: Exploring a Complex Phenomenon, 2017
T. Fulop, J. M. Witkowski, G. Dupuis, A. Le Page, A. Larbi, G. Pawelec
Every living organism continuously faces internal and external challenges to its integrity, arising from microorganisms, metabolic stress, altered macromolecules, or cell transformation, irradiation etc. Thus, every living organism from plants to vertebrates evolved sophisticated defense systems of different degrees of complexity. In every organisms except vertebrates, the defense system relies on innate immunity, while in all vertebrates (both with and without jaw) for unknown reasons, a more sophisticated immune system evolved with a far greater range of receptor specificity and endowed with adaptive memory—hence its designation “the adaptive immune system” [5]. Thus, in all vertebrates, the immune system is composed of two distinct, but closely interacting arms, the innate and adaptive arms, with distinct roles in the maintenance of organismal integrity. The innate arm responds immediately to a limited constellation of molecules present in microorganisms whereas adaptive immunity responds more slowly in a specific manner to universal types of diverse antigens and can develop specific memory permitting more rapid and stronger responses to later recurrence of the same challenge [5].
Re-Visioning Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Cancer Patients
Published in Scott Temple, Brief Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Cancer Patients, 2017
Finally, it is possible to influence both emotion and cognition through movement, posture, and through other sensory experiences. Linehan’s (2015) use of a technique called “willing hands and half smile” is an example. Bennett-Levy et al. (2015) incorporated movement and posture into their Self-Practice/Self-Reflection model. They drew on the innovative work of Korrelboom, whose COMET model (COmpetitive MEmory Training) utilizes posture, music, and movement to help create self-states and accessible memory structures for people with self-esteem problems and depression (Ekkers et al., 2011; Korrelboom et al., 2012). Another influence on both Bennett-Levy and Korrelboom is the work of Brewin (2006), who developed a retrieval competition model of memory, which involves building self-states that are stored in memory and can compete successfully with older, less adaptive memory structures, activated in depressive and anxiety disorders, or in personality disorders.
Responsible Remembering and Forgetting in Younger and Older Adults
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2022
Dillon H. Murphy, Alan D. Castel
Engaging in adaptive memory strategies to remember valuable information at the expense of low-value information is known as responsible remembering: the strategic prioritization of memory for important information with consequences if forgotten (Murphy & Castel, 2020, 2021b). Having experienced more instances of forgetting, older adults may have adapted to become responsible remembers and this may extend to the strategic forgetting of goal-relevant information, a form of responsible remembering we termed responsible forgetting (Murphy & Castel, 2021a). Thus, possibly to compensate for declines in memory, older adults may have learned to employ strategies such as responsible forgetting, whereby there is less concern about the remembering of lower value information, and this could ensure that more attention is directed to better remember important, goal-relevant information.
Initiation and maintenance of behaviour change to support memory and brain health in older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Susan Vandermorris, April Au, Sandra Gardner, Angela K. Troyer
In the present study, we report a methodologically rigorous evaluation of a 10-hour group intervention that incorporates multiple behaviour-change techniques and provides brain health lifestyle coaching and memory strategy training for cognitively normal, community dwelling older adults. The goals of the intervention are to increase knowledge about memory and aging, reassure participants with normal memory changes, provide practical tools to manage memory changes, and enable lifestyle changes to maximize brain health (Troyer & Vandermorris, 2012). Of note, the intervention is compensatory in nature. As such, objective improvement on memory test scores is not included among programme goals. Our primary research objectives were to examine whether the intervention positively impacts initiation and maintenance of (a) brain health-promoting lifestyle behaviours and (b) adaptive memory strategy use. Secondary outcomes targeted replication of prior findings and exploration of distal outcomes such as generalized benefits to health and well-being.
The Effects of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing on Prospective Imagery and Anxiety in Golfers
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2018
Niall Falls, Jamie B. Barker, Martin J. Turner
Two dominant hypotheses have been proposed to explain bilateral stimulation effects caused by eye movement (Oren & Solomon, 2012). The first is that eliciting an “orienting response,” where a reduced arousal neurobiological state, similar to rapid eye movement sleep, may cause dysfunctional memories to be linked to more adaptive memory networks (Stickgold, 2002). A second is that dual attention processing might disrupt working memory, with effects on emotionality of imagery and memory. Both hypotheses have considerable supporting evidence and may interactively support the therapeutic effects of EMDR (see Oren & Solomon, 2012), with symptoms of single incident trauma typically resolving within two to three sessions (E. Shapiro, 2012). Although eye movements are the most commonly delivered form of bilateral stimulation, hand taps and auditory tones have also been used where clients are visually impaired or cannot tolerate eye movements.