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L-Arginine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Adjuvant Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
The analysis is part of the GAPP study (genetic and phenotypic determinants of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors), a population-based cohort of healthy adults aged 25–41 years. Individuals with known CVD, diabetes or a BMI >35 kg/m2 were excluded. eGFR was calculated according to the combined Creatinine/Cystatin C CKD-EPI formula. ACR was obtained from a fasting morning urine sample. The Omega-3 Index (relative amount of EPA and DHA of total fatty acids in percent) was obtained from whole blood aliquots.
Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Lynne Sykes, Ibrahim Ali, Philip A. Kalra
Creatinine:Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism when creatine is metabolised to generate energy.Freely and exclusively filtered through the kidneys.Considered a measure of filtering capacity.Serum levels are considered with age, sex, and body size when estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Normal eGFR is at 90−120 mL/min/1.73 m2.eGFR is based upon the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation.
Small-Molecule Targeted Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Erlotinib appears to be generally well tolerated by patients, with rash and diarrhea proving to be the main side effects which occur in 75% of patients. Other common side effects include GI disturbances, depression, neuropathy, headache, and fatigue. Rarer side effects include hepatic failure, and very rarely inflammation or puncture of the cornea, GI perforation, and bleeding, all of which could be associated with a general down-regulation of EGFR. Stephens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrosis may also occur. The manufacturer advises to avoid in breastfeeding, and contraception should be used during and for at least two weeks after treatment.
Characteristics and predictors of low-grade renal artery stenosis in female patients with CKD
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2023
Deping Wu, Jinli Nie, Huagang Lin, Dexian Zhang, Zhibin Ye, Wan Zhang, Jing Xiao
Renal artery stenosis can cause eGFR deterioration by affecting renal blood flow, regardless of the degree of RAS (19,23). In the present study, the eGFR was lower in female CKD patients with low-grade RAS, which may indicate that low-grade RAS can further disturb the blood flow of affected kidneys in female CKD patients. Indeed, in some studies, the authors found that even in patients with low-grade RAS, RAS can cause further eGFR decline during the follow-up course compared with the no RAS group (3). However, more surprisingly, a 734-person cross-sectional, single-center study showed that small renal arteries, regardless of the presence or degree of RAS, were more likely to be associated with low eGFR. Thus, larger and well-designed clinical trials should be performed in the future.
Acute kidney injury in patients with cancer receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Qianqian Lou, Jianguang Gong, Binxian Ye, Rizhen Yu, Shuangshan Bu, Yiwen Li, Bin Zhu, Lina Shao
Contrary to previous studies, we did not find that baseline eGFR level or PPI use was related to the occurrence of AKI using multivariate logistic regression analysis [14,37,38]. We speculate that the possible reasons are as follows: the baseline eGFR levels of the patients included in our study were almost all within the normal range, and there was no comparison of cases with decreased eGFR levels. In addition, oncologists have become increasingly more aware of the nephrotoxicity of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. When they initiate ICI therapy, patients with abnormal renal function are likely to be excluded. With regard to PPI use, a cohort with a larger sample size may be required, considering the high proportion (87.2%) of patients receiving PPI in our sample and the lack of negative controls. Seethapathy et al. [11] also concluded that the role of PPI in AKI requires further clarification.
The clinical features and outcomes of systemic light chain amyloidosis with hepatic involvement
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Liang Zhao, Guisheng Ren, Jinzhou Guo, Wencui Chen, Weiwei Xu, Xianghua Huang
Information on demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected from electronic medical records of patients. The assessment of organ involvement was based on the 2005 International Society of Amyloidosis guidelines [16]. Specifically, liver involvement was defined as total liver span > 15 cm in the absence of heart failure or AKP > 1.5 times institutional upper limit of normal or liver biopsy-proven amyloidosis. To calculate the number of organs involved, only heart, kidney, liver and nerve were included. The selection criteria for ASCT were shown in Table 1. The ASCT protocol included mobilization with colony-stimulating actor alone and conditioning with high-dose melphalan 140–200 mg/m2. Both the 2004 and 2012 Mayo AL amyloidosis staging systems were calculated for all patients. Haematologic and organ responses were assessed according to the consensus criteria three and/or six months after treatment initiation [17]. In particular, hepatic response was defined as greater than or equal to 50% decrease of an AKP level and/or greater than or equal to 2 cm decrease in liver size (assessed by radiography). The eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Performance status was graded according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.