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Adnexal Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Hasan Aksoy, Jordan V. Wang, Ayşe Serap Karadağ
General measures include weight reduction, smoking cessation, reducing friction by wearing loose clothing, and skin decontamination using antiseptic scrubs or antibacterial soaps. Warm compresses can be beneficial. Patients should be screened for accompanying metabolic conditions.
Management of Labour
Published in Gowri Dorairajan, Management of Normal and High Risk Labour During Childbirth, 2022
Two recent meta-analysis11,12 have suggested that warm compresses and massage of the perineum might reduce third- and fourth-degree tears. Also, the hands-off technique had fewer episiotomies, but data on other perineal trauma were insufficient.
The reproductive system
Published in Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella, Essentials of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology for Pharmacy and Allied Health, 2019
Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella
Mastitis is inflammation of breast tissue. It may occur in women who are lactating, but it may also result from bacterial infections that may or may not be related to breastfeeding. Symptoms generally include breast swelling and tenderness, pain with breastfeeding and possible fever. If milk ducts become blocked, an abscess or cyst may develop in the breast. Treatment includes antibiotics, pain relievers and warm compresses.
Comparative Evaluation in Intense Pulsed Light Therapy Combined with or without Meibomian Gland Expression for the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Yiqin Chen, Junhua Li, Yue Wu, Xiaolei Lin, Xiaohui Deng, Zhao Yun-e
Patients were randomly divided into three groups by random number table: (1) MGX group (32 patients, 32 eyes); (2) IPL group (33 patients, 33 eyes), and (3) IPL + MGX group(35 patients, 35 eyes). Only right eyes were included in the study. All patients received three treatments spaced 3 weeks apart. The Lumenis M22 (Lumenis Ltd., Yokneam, Israel) was used for IPL therapy. After adjusting the appropriate parameters according to Fitzpatrick skin classification, IPL was applied across the skin area below the lower eyelid of each eye in two passes.14 The patient’s eyes were fully covered with an eye shield during the procedure. Hot compresses (43°C, 15 min) were performed with a Dy-5 multifunctional low-frequency electronic therapy instrument (Xi’an Huaya Electronic Instrument co., LTD., China). Except for the IPL group, all patients’ meibomian glands were expressed using meibomian tweezers. During the follow-up period after treatment, all subjects were instructed only to use the same formulation of artificial tears (Hycosan; sodium hyaluronate 0.1%, Ursapharm, Arzneimittel GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany) four times a day. Warm compresses were also recommended three times a day (15 min each time) throughout the follow-up period.
The multi-faceted approach to dry eye disease
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Emilie Ross, Emma Furniss, Nivaasheni Chandramohan, Maria Markoulli
While artificial tears are the mainstay of tear replacement therapy, eyelid warming and meibomian gland expression is usually the first step for managing MGD12 in order to unplug meibomian gland orifices and promote meibum secretion. One challenge of take-home devices is the maintenance of heat, and hence efficacy, while another is that of compliance.13 This topic has been recently well-reviewed by Arita and Fukuoka,12 with the advice being that warm compresses should be promoted for individuals at all stages of MGD, not only for the relief of symptoms but also for the prevention of further deterioration.12 In-office therapy for MGD may include lid debridement7 followed by manual expression of glands, as well as the use of devices such as intense pulsed light therapy and thermal pulsation systems.12 Manual expression, although often painful, has been demonstrated to be efficacious.6 Thermal pulsation, as summarised by Arita and Fukuoka,4 has been shown to improve meibomian gland function, tear break-up time and dry eye symptoms. A Cochrane review of intense pulsed light found a scarcity of randomised controlled trials studying its effectiveness and safety,14 although current reports provide promising results.15
Pediatric Ocular Acne Rosacea: Clinical Features and Long Term Follow-Up of Sixteen Cases
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
We recommend a stepwise therapeutic approach depending on the clinical manifestations and according to the severity of the findings to control the ocular surface inflammation. Warm compresses, eyelid scrubbing, preservative-free artificial tears especially sodium hyaluronate should be given to all patients as the first-line treatment.26–31 Topical steroids are very useful to control the ocular surface inflammation as a short-term therapy.14,15 Topical cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% should be considered an effective choice as a steroid-sparing agent to suppress the inflammation especially in children with delayed diagnosis, recurrent or chronic inflammation and corneal involvement. In our series, topical CsA was used in five cases with corneal involvement and delayed diagnosis with a mean duration of 2 years and it was very well tolerated. Considerable improvement in 11 pediatric patients with phylctenular keratoconjunctivitis has been reported with CsA treatment.32