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Tobacco and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
The World Health Organization (2019c) warns that the tobacco industry’s marketing of HTPs needs to be viewed with care. The industry claims that they are safer or less toxic than conventional cigarettes. They exploit any ‘grey areas’, for example noting that there is debate about specific forms of harm to confuse consumers. Tobacco companies claim that the vapour is likely to cause less harm than cigarette smoke, which is not clearly stating there is a reduced health risk. HTPs, such as IQOS, Ploom, Glo and PAX, are marketed as different to cigarettes, they are ‘smoke-free’ and therefore socially acceptable and environmentally friendly. They are promoted as a modern, high-tech, luxury product which complements a high-end lifestyle, much like the glossy cigarette adverts of the past. They sell a dream, rather than the reality that they contain tobacco, a toxic substance, whether it is smoked, eaten or vaped. In summary, The tobacco companies are using strategies that they have used for decades to fracture tobacco control and promote tobacco ‘harm reduction’ in an attempt to renormalize tobacco use … Governments in countries where HTP are not available should keep them out.(Bialous and Glantz, 2018 p.s116)Heated tobacco products are promoted as benign by the tobacco industry, but a public health danger by the World Health Organization.
Harm reduction approach
Published in G. Hussein Rassool, Alcohol and Drug Misuse, 2017
The harm reduction approach to tobacco smoking has remained controversial despite the universal use of tobacco smoking. Currently, the tobacco harm reduction strategy is based on supply and demand reduction strategies (Esson and Leeder 2005), in light of the high number of smokers worldwide;the regular failure of smokers to give up their tobacco addiction;the direct role of several smoke components, and, to a much lesser extent, nicotine, in most tobacco-related diseases; andthe possible use of much less toxic, but still addictive, tobacco products, evaluation of less harmful products, such as oral tobacco, for the purpose of harm reduction is warranted (Martinet et al. 2007).
Assessment of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm, and physiological and subjective health measures in exclusive users of nicotine pouches and current, former and never smokers
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
David Azzopardi, Linsey E. Haswell, Justin Frosina, Michael McEwan, Nathan Gale, Jesse Thissen, Filimon Meichanetzidis, George Hardie
Tobacco harm reduction is supported by data from Sweden, where overall tobacco product use is similar to that of other European countries (Clarke et al. 2019), but the incidence of smoking-related mortality is much lower (Swedish Match 2020, Ferlay et al. 2013). This is due to the historical displacement of cigarette smoking by use of snus (Clarke et al. 2019, World Health Organization (WHO) 2019), a moist tobacco product that is placed next to the gum, enabling the nicotine to be absorbed through the oral mucosa. The absence of exposure to tobacco smoke is the main factor leading to the reduced health risks of snus as compared to conventional cigarettes, which has been demonstrated in extensive epidemiological and prevalence studies (Gartner et al. 2007, Lee 2013, Clarke et al. 2019). Consistent with this, snus has been recognised as a nicotine product that can reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases as compared to cigarette smoking by the FDA, who granted ‘Modified Risk’ status to eight snus products (General, Swedish Match) (FDA 2019), permitting labelling of these products in the US as reduced risk.
The role of virtual reality intervention on young adult smokers' motivation to quit smoking: a feasibility and pilot study
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2018
Pasquale Caponnetto, Marilena Maglia, Daniele Lombardo, Shirin Demma, Riccarco Polosa
Warnings could be involved in reducing the burden of traditional cigarettes use because they reflect the risks that affect the well-being and are more likely to boost motivation to quit smoking.2 Central psychological factors related with smoking cessation are the motivation to quit and the perceptions of the health risk of smoking. According to models of wellbeing behavior change e.g., the Theory of Planned Behavior3 and the Transtheoretical Model,4 motivation to quit directly increases determination to quit, facilitates cessation attempts, and increases successful smoking cessation rates. However, smokers may not have the intent to quit due to obstacles related to quitting. Thus, smoking cessation strategies are needed to increase willingness to quit smoking traditional cigarettes and to encourage smoking cessation abstinence5 or tobacco harm reduction.6 Virtual reality (VR) could be a constructive approach applicable to research and clinical practice. The integration of virtual reality into different aspects of psychology has showed the potential for the technology to create opportunities to engage in behaviors in challenging but safe, ecologically valid environments while maintaining experimental control over stimulus delivery and measurement.7
Chemical characterization of tobacco-free “modern” oral nicotine pouches and their position on the toxicant and risk continuums
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
David Azzopardi, Chuan Liu, James Murphy
The health risks of cigarette smoking are well established, but most smoking-related diseases are not directly caused by the addictive compound nicotine, which is considered by regulatory and healthcare bodies to be relatively harmless at the levels present in tobacco (RCP 2016; PHE 2019), but by the toxic chemicals in the inhaled smoke of combusted tobacco (US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) 2014). As a result, the concept of tobacco harm reduction through the use of alternative tobacco and/or nicotine products with fewer health risks relative to cigarette smoking was proposed in 2001 by the US Institute of Medicine, who called for the development and study of tobacco and nicotine products with fewer relative risks (Stratton et al. 2001).