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Emerging roles of community health practitioners
Published in Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong, The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
One of the tasks of community health practitioners is to enhance community participation (participatory public health) – a prerequisite for shaping a community which is conducive to health. According to the WHO, people have a right and duty to participate individually and collectively in the planning and implementation of their health care (WHO, n.d.b). Community health care is provided at a cost that the community members and the government can afford, bearing in mind the cost of secondary and tertiary health care is much more expansive as shown in Hong Kong in the above discussion. It is the first level of contact of individuals, the family and community with the national health system bringing health care as close as possible to where people reside and work and constitutes the first elements of a continuing health care process (WHO, n.d.b).
Family doctors in health systems
Published in Michael Kidd, Cynthia Haq, Jan De Maeseneer, Jeffrey Markuns, Hernan Montenegro, Waris Qidwai, Igor Svab, Wim Van Lerberghe, Tiago Villanueva, Charles Boelen, Cynthia Haq, Vincent Hunt, Marc Rivo, Edward Shahady, Margaret Chan, The Contribution of Family Medicine to Improving Health Systems, 2020
Michael Kidd, Cynthia Haq, Jan De Maeseneer, Jeffrey Markuns, Hernan Montenegro, Waris Qidwai, Igor Svab, Wim Van Lerberghe, Tiago Villanueva, Charles Boelen, Cynthia Haq, Vincent Hunt, Marc Rivo, Edward Shahady, Margaret Chan
Family doctors provide a variety of services for individuals, families, and communities, including preventive and curative health care. As coordinators, they can connect primary, secondary, and tertiary health care services. As leaders, managers, and supervisors, they can enhance the quality and effectiveness of team efforts. As described in the profile of the “five-star” doctor (seeBox 3.5), these interrelated functions allow family doctors to work with primary care teams to integrate commonly fragmented elements of the health system.18
Kuwait
Published in Salah Hassan, Kidd Michael, Family Practice In The Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2018
Huda Al-Duwaisan, Fatemah Ahmed Bendhafari
Kuwait has one of the most modern health-care infrastructures in the region. An overwhelming share of health services is provided by the public sector, but there is a growing private sector as well. The public health system is built in accordance with primary health care principles with three levels of health-care delivery: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The first level health services are provided by primary health care centres (PHCCs). Secondary and tertiary health care is provided through six general hospitals and a number of national specialized hospitals and clinics.
Communication disability in Bangladesh: issues and solutions
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2023
Md Jahangir Alam, Linda Hand, Elaine Ballard
However, if more specialized treatment is required, and this includes SLT, patients are referred to the larger centres which have the secondary and tertiary levels of the healthcare system. Secondary health care is delivered at district hospitals, found across all the district cities and tertiary health care is found in big urban areas in specialized hospitals. The public health system provides free healthcare services to patients (Islam & Biswas, 2014). However, SLT services are not free as they are not included within the public health system. The public system is supplemented by a growing private sector of hospitals and organizations, mainly at the tertiary level, and SLT services can be found in some of these. However, these private services are also not provided for free.
Setting up a research agenda for financing sexual and reproductive health services toward achieving universal health coverage in South Asia
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2022
Avishek Hazra, Arupendra Mozumdar, Iram Kamran, Ashish Bajracharya, Saumya RamaRao
Primary health care is offered universally to all citizens by the public sector in these four countries, as a step toward achieving UHC. However, the provision of publicly financed/operated health insurance covering secondary and tertiary health care varies in each country. In India, the publicly financed health insurance programme involving the public and private health sectors covers poor and vulnerable families across the country.5 The Government of Pakistan’s health insurance programme that engages public and private health sectors is targeted toward people living below the poverty line,6 although expansion to cover all citizens is under way. In Nepal, the government-run voluntary health insurance programme engages the public and private health sectors. All citizens are eligible to join the programme, if they are willing to pay the premium, and the programme charges a subsidised premium for families living below the poverty line.7 In Bangladesh, a government-run health insurance programme is being piloted with donor support in a smaller geography.8,9
Evaluating the Technical Efficiency of Hospitals Providing Tertiary Health Care in Turkey: An Application Based on Data Envelopment Analysis
Published in Hospital Topics, 2021
When the literature is reviewed, it can be seen that there are also various studies which measure the efficiency in the hospitals providing tertiary health care, in this regard, are similar to the current study. For example, Shin, Shin, and Jung (2008) measured the technical efficiency of human resource in university hospitals in Korea using DEA. Ozcan et al. (2010) developed a case study with 30 general hospitals linked to Brazilian Federal Universities and determined the efficiencies of the hospitals employing DEA. Lobo et al. (2010) examined the efficiency and the efficiency change in time in 30 teaching hospitals in Brazil using DEA and MTFP. Torabipour et al. (2014) handled the change in efficiency in 12 hospitals, some of which provided training and research activities, in Iran via MTFP. Lobo et al. (2016) investigated the efficiency levels of Brazilian university hospitals with the help of DEA. Rezaei et al. (2016) measured 12 university hospitals’ efficiency levels in Iran and adopted DEA. Kiani et al. (2018) used DEA to measure the efficiency in hospitals affiliated with a university in Iran.