China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cardiovascular Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Haematuria is common. It is usually caused by acute glomerulonephritis if microscopic, or renal infarction as a result of emboli if macroscopic. As in any chronic infection, splenomegaly is common. If there is splenic infarction, the spleen will be painful and there may be a friction rub. Clubbing of the digits is rare, but it can develop in the later stages of the chronic endocarditis. In right heart endocarditis, septic embolization to the lungs can cause pleuritic pain with haemoptysis. Pneumonia and lung abscesses can also develop.
Complications of open repair of splanchnic aneurysms
Published in Sachinder Singh Hans, Mark F. Conrad, Vascular and Endovascular Complications, 2021
Bjoern D. Suckow, David H. Stone
Results of an open surgical approach remain good with high survival and relatively low complication rates. Marrone et al. documented 1- and 5 year survival to be 100% and 92%, respectively.8 A large meta-analysis documented the outcomes of a large group of splenic aneurysms repaired via an open approach, documenting fewer long-term complications and reinterventions as compared to a catheter-based paradigm.9 Alternatively, the same review demonstrated endovascular repair to be the more cost-effective option with better quality-adjusted life years from the patient perspective.10 Complications from an open surgical approach can include overwhelming post-splenectomy infection, and thus it is important for surgeons to consider vaccination when a splenectomy occurs as part of the treatment approach. Thankfully, this remains a rare event. In addition, post-splenectomy left upper quadrant abscess formation is a possible, though rare, clinically observed complication. An open technique can additionally lead to pancreatitis as a sequelae if pancreatic manipulation or distal pancreatectomy is necessary during the operation. This can often lead to subsequent pseudocyst formation, which may require additional endoscopic or surgical management.11,12 Potential splenic infarction may occur if the aneurysm is ligated proximally and distally, though this remains unusual as the short gastric vessels will more commonly provide adequate collateral flow to justify a splenic preservation operative approach.
Unexplained Fever In Hematologic Disorders
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
An important cause of otherwise ‘‘unexplained” fever may be thrombosis and thrombophlebitis. Mesenteric, hepatic portal, and splenic vein thrombosis may occur in patients in whom the disease has not been adequately controlled. Phlebothrombosis with pulmonary embolism is quite common. Splenic infarction may occur.
Sickle cell disease in gulf cooperation council countries: a systematic review
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Amani Abu-Shaheen, Doaa Dahan, Humariya Henaa, Abdullah Nofal, Doaa A. Abdelmoety, Muhammad Riaz, Mohammed AlSheef, Abdulrahman Almatary, Isamme AlFayyad
In contrast, in Africa, the mortality rates of children under 5 years old range from 50–80% [11]. The higher mortality rates in Africa are mainly influenced by limited resources, leading to pitiable access to care and the absence of comprehensive SCD management [12]. Patients with SCD often develop a vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) and recurrent episodes of hemolytic anemia, causing hypoperfusion infarction and multiorgan dysfunction [13,14]. Other acute complications include acute chest syndrome, acute stroke, priapism, various hepatobiliary complications, cognitive impairment, vitreous hemorrhage, splenic sequestration, and acute renal failure [15]. Individuals with SCD suffer acute and chronic end-organ damage secondary to recurrent episodes of VOC and chronic ongoing hemolysis [16,17]. Splenic infarction and atrophy are very common and may lead to further complications, such as bacterial infections and functional asplenia [18]. Additionally, it had a significant effect on mortality rates and is associated with a substantial increase in health care costs.
Abstracts book
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2020
Although the aetiology of splanchnic aneurism which includes SAA is not clear, two types were observed: dysplastic aneurisms present in women and atherosclerotic aneurisms that affect mostly men. A few autopsy series have found them to have an incidence of up to 10.4% in cadavers. The rupture rate is around 5% and more common in pregnant women. The mortality after rupture for a VAA is approximately of 25%. Ruptured SAA remain haemodynamically stable for 6 and up to 96 h, this is known as the ‘double-rupture phenomenon’. The causes at the origin of a splenic infarction are mostly malignancies especially pancreatic and haematological disorders, increased thromboembolic states, infectious diseases as endocarditis and hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease. SAA especially are associated with splenic infarction. The presentation of this condition vastly depends on the aetiology underlying it. Treatment options for SAA consist of embolization, endovascular treatment with a stent, laparoscopic surgery, open repair surgery or splenectomy.
The efficacy and safety of microwave ablation in patients with retroperitoneal metastases
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2018
Zhigang Wei, Xin Ye, Xia Yang, Aimin Zheng, Guanghui Huang, Shenming Dong, Wenhong Li, Jiao Wang, Xiaoying Han, Min Meng, Yang Ni
Eighteen patients had complications, including nine during the MWA procedure, eight during the post-ablation period and one during both the ablation procedure and in the post-ablation period. No ablation-associated mortality was observed during the perioperative period. Major complications, minor complications and adverse events were observed in eight (34.8%), five (21.7%) and five (21.7%) patients, respectively. The major complications included haemorrhage, nerve injury, pneumothorax requiring chest tube insertion, acute pancreatitis, splenic infarction and infection. For patients with bleeding, the haemostasis drugs and red blood cells transfusion were needed. For those with acute pancreatitis, diet, nutrition support therapy and somatostatin were applied. For those with Pheumothorax, chest tube insertion was required. For patients with splenic infarction or infection, antibiotics were applied. The average days of staying in the hospital was 7 days (range 3–21 days). Most complications, except the splenic infarction, were relieved during the follow-up period (Table 3). The minor complications included sinus bradycardia, hypertension and pain.