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The Beneficial Effect of Omega-3 PUFA and L-Arginine on Endothelial Nitric Oxide (NO) Bioavailability
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Flaxseed, 2023
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
In 1998, Dr. Furchgott and two colleagues, Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of the biological role of NO in blood vessel relaxation. One of the three recipients, Dr. Louis J. Ignarro, later detailed how, in sexual arousal, ACh caused increased and sustained production of NO formed from the amino acid L-arginine by the endothelium lining the spongy chambers of the penis cavernosa(e). Following sexual stimulation, this causes them to relax (dilate), allowing increased blood inflow and thus erection. This discovery led to the development of Viagra®.
History of Asphyxia-related Deaths
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
The individuals involved are usually men, originating from all age groups and professional backgrounds, but usually beyond adolescence and middle age. The phenomenon is almost unknown in women. Autoerotic deaths represent fatal accidents (‘operating accidents’) as a direct consequence of autoerotic activities of single individuals being used for sexual stimulation and masturbation without a sexual partner. In these circumstances, sexual stimulation is provoked and increased by central nervous system stimulation because of a depression of cortical controlling functions (e.g. lack of oxygen, narcotics) or peripheral stimuli, especially to the erogenous zones (e.g. mechanically or by electricity). The sexually stimulating effects of hypoxia in connection with strangulation and of the use of plastic bags for oro-nasal occlusion have been discussed thoroughly, but the actual mechanism has not yet been clarified. Sometimes, the individuals concerned also aim to achieve a situation of personal fear and pain (masochism). Essentially, erotic fantasies are deliberately induced by partial cerebral ischaemia, mostly achieved by some form of hypoxia or pressure on the neck.
Regulation of the Pituitary Gland by Dopamine
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
The two main stimuli for OT release are vagino-cervical distension such as occurs during delivery and suckling during lactation. OT release in response to cervical stimulation represents a classical neuroendocrine reflex, defined as a self-sustaining positive feed-forward cycle of neurohormone release and its effects on peripheral targets. The OT reflex is initiated by an increased pressure on the cervix or vaginal walls, which stimulates local somato-sensory neurons with synapses in the dorsal horn of the spinal medulla. Ascending axonal connections in the anterolateral columns of the spinal cord transfer the stimulus to OT neurons within the hypothalamic SON and PVN and from there to their terminals in the neurohypophysis. Increased plasma OT levels, amplified by a locally released OT-mediated positive feedback, promote additional uterine contractions via OTR and increased pressure on the cervix. Mating, sexual stimulation, and various forms of stress also stimulate OT release.
A Learning Experience? Enjoyment at Sexual Debut and the Gender Gap in Sexual Desire among Emerging Adults
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
Diana E. Peragine, Malvina N. Skorska, Jessica A. Maxwell, Emily A. Impett, Doug P. VanderLaan
Some evidence also supports an influence of early sexual experience on human sexual desire development. Men and women who recall an earlier experience of intercourse and masturbation report higher rates of each in adulthood (Griffee et al., 2014; Rapsey, 2014; Woo & Brotto, 2008). Likewise, individuals recalling object-assisted masturbation by the end of adolescence are more likely to engage in this activity as adults (O’Keefe et al., 2009; Stroebel et al., 2010). Woods et al. (2018) recently extended these findings, showing that rates of adulthood sexual activity are not just related to early exposures, but to ones experienced as rewarding. Men and women who received oral sex prior to age 18 years did not necessarily engage in it more frequently as adults; however, they were more likely to engage in oral sex if it had resulted in orgasm prior to adulthood. Thus, sexual stimulation is perhaps not sufficiently reinforcing to incentivize particular sexual acts, and might need to be accompanied by orgasm.
The World Association for Sexual Health’s Declaration on Sexual Pleasure: A Technical Guide
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2021
Jessie V. Ford, Esther Corona-Vargas, Mariana Cruz, J. Dennis Fortenberry, Eszter Kismodi, Anne Philpott, Eusebio Rubio-Aurioles, Eli Coleman
As outlined in the WAS Declaration, the meaning of sexual pleasure is complex, multifaceted, and diverse (Global Advisory Board for Sexual Health and Well-being [GAB], 2016). That is, feelings around sexual pleasure are subjective, socially-constructed and may include diverse sexual activities (Ford et al., 2019; Reis et al., 2021; Rye & Meaney, 2007). Biological components of pleasure include the responses of organs in the nervous system, hormones and genital blood flow (Trejo-Pérez & Diaz-Loving, 2017). While past conceptualizations have emphasized the physiological and/or genital aspects of sexual pleasure (Abramson & Pinkerton, 2002), more recent understandings conceptualize pleasure as having emotional, cognitive, physical and mind-body connections, such as “losing oneself” (Goldey et al., 2016). Sexual pleasure has been described as the enjoyment derived from sexual interaction, including a variety of positive feelings arising from sexual stimulation (Philpott, Knerr, & Boydell, 2006; Reis et al., 2021).
Psychosocial and Behavioral Aspects of Women’s Sexual Pleasure: A Scoping Review
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2021
Joana Reis, Leonor de Oliveira, Cátia Oliveira, Pedro Nobre
As recently outlined in WAS’ declaration of sexual pleasure, this concept is complex, diverse, and multifaceted, including many components in interplay (World Association for Sexual Health, 2019). The biological aspect of sexual pleasure (Pérez & Loving, 2017) manifests as the responses of the organs to hormones, the nervous system, and the genital blood flow (Hull, 2008). Earlier conceptualizations focused on the genital and/or physiological elements of sexual pleasure, distinguishing fore-pleasure (the erotic feelings obtained by stimulation of the genitals and/or other erogenous zones) from orgasmic-pleasure (the explosive pleasure of orgasm) (Abramson & Pinkerton, 2002). Later, sexual pleasure started being acknowledged as having emotional, cognitive, and physical components, as well as mind-body connections, such as “losing oneself” (e.g., Boul et al., 2009; Goldey et al., 2016). Sexual pleasure has been described as the overall enjoyment derived from sexual interaction (Philpott et al., 2006), including a myriad of positive feelings stemming from sexual stimulation (Abramson & Pinkerton, 2002). These feelings are subjective, a result of social constructs, and may include diverse sexual activities (De la Garza-Mercer, 2007; Rye & Meaney, 2007).