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Paediatrics
Published in Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2017
Bilateral lambdoid or coronal synostosis giving a short, wide head. Accounts for 20% of synostoses. May cause a Harlequin eye deformity. Associated with a higher incidence of neurological abnormalities compared to scaphocephaly. See Figure 5.2.
Pediatrics
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Manual of Neuroanesthesia, 2017
Farzana Afroze, Helena Oechsner, Melissa Ehlers
Almost 50% of patients with Apert, Crouzon, or Pfeiffer syndromes develop obstructive sleep apnea.52,53 Scaphocephaly (caused by sagittal synostosis) is the most common form of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis accounting for about 50% cases.
Severe skull deformity in a child with shunted hydrocephalus
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Alireza Tabibkhooei, Morteza Taheri, Feyzollah Ebrahimniya
Takahashi et al.6 reported two cases of shunt-induced craniosynostosis. One was an 8 year-old-boy presented by severe macrocephaly. He had a history of shunted hydrocephalus when he was 3 years old. He had a head circumference of 85 cm and massive frontal bossing. The second was a 3-year-old boy with a history of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting at 1 month after birth. He had scaphocephaly with a head circumference of 54 cm. Both of them underwent reduction cranioplasty.
Introduction of spring-assisted cranioplasty for scaphocephaly in Russia: first cases evaluated using detailed craniometry and principal component analysis
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2019
Leonid Satanin, Ivan Teterin, Andrey Evteev, Alexander Sakharov, Lars Kölby, Natalia Lemeneva, Vitaly Roginsky
There was no bone defect in the distraction area in any of the cases according to CT results, thereby confirming the similarity between TD and SAC. The absence of bone defects represents an advantage over other methods used for correcting scaphocephaly. A previous study reported that the preoperative ICVs in a large series of patients with sagittal synostosis were identical to those in normal children [4]. In our limited samples, the ICVs of the cases were somewhat, but not significantly, larger than those of controls. Therefore, it was not surprising to find that the average increase in the ICV (31.6%) was less than that in the control group, with the difference likely due to the limited sample size. A feature of any distraction treatment is movement of the distracted bone fragment without a change in its morphology. Therefore, distraction methods used for treating a number of diseases cannot replace traditional reconstructive interventions. In the present study, we not only observed lateral displacement of the parietal bones, which led to normalization of the CI, but also a change in the curvature of the parietal bones. Additionally, normalization of skull height in patients with scaphocephaly, especially in the anterior and middle parts of the parietal bone, was also revealed along with less pronounced changes in the adjacent frontal and occipital bones. Therefore, SAC exerted a remodeling effect on the entire skull, with the skull shape of the patients approaching that of the controls according to some variables, although there remained a difference in the skull morphology of the scaphocephaly patients as compared with controls. The analysis of overall cranial shape by PCA confirmed the differences in morphology between patients with SAC and control groups both before and after treatment. This might be due to the severity of the initial deformation of the skull, as well as the older age of the patients at the time of surgery.