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The Role of Natural Products in COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Iqra Akhtar, Sumera Javad, Tehreema Iftikhar, Amina Tariq, Hammad Majeed, Asma Ahmad, Muhammad Arfan, M. Zia-Ul-Haq
Garlic or Allium sativum belongs to Amaryllidaceae. It has a long history where humans used it as a spice. It is famous worldwide and is a part of different daily food dishes. It is also used for a number of home remedies for various ailments. It is an aromatic herb. Extracts of A. sativum exhibit antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, anti-hypertensive, reno-protective, and anti-atherosclerotic. Its cloves possess several potent components, i.e., allicin, alliin, vinyldithiins, ajoenes (Figure 11.4), and flavonoid, which are the secret of its biological activities. These components or natural drugs also inhibit the ACE 2 site, thus blocking viruses to enter in the host cell [72].
Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial and Other Beneficial Effects of Allium sativum (Garlic)
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Although Middle Asia is the indigenous land of garlic (Beshbishy et al., 2019), there are numerous beliefs related to its precise origination, such as that it derives from China, near the mountains of Tien Shan to Kyrgyzstan. Sumerians were diligently using the healing properties of garlic, and there is a belief that they escorted Allium sativum to China, from where it was then extended to Korea and Japan. Some analysts still affirm that Allium sativum emerged in China (Batiha et al., 2019) in the earliest times of China; garlic was among the most consumed herbal remedies from 2700 BC. Because of its heating and invigorating effects, it was positioned in the yang group. Allium sativum was advised for those who endured depression. Consequently, due to these invigorating effects of Allium sativum, the people of Japan have not added garlic, in the tradition of Buddha, even though the cuisine of Japan does not acknowledge garlic either (El-Saber Batiha et al., 2020). In traditional Indian medicine, Allium sativum was considered a beneficial remedy utilised as a tonic, roborant and agent to manage cough, haemorrhoids, weakness, lack of appetite, dermatological disorders and rheumatism. The Indian sacred books (Vedas) also talk about garlic, and it was mentioned among other therapeutic plants (Batiha et al., 2019) (Figure 16.1).
Anti-Hyperglycemic Property Of Medicinal Plants
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Karanpreet Singh Bhatia, Arpita Roy, Navneeta Bhardavaj
Nigella sativa, commonly known as black caraway or kalonji, is included in Ranunculaceae family and indigenous to South and Southwest Asia. Its seeds are being used as a spicing agent in Indian cuisine. Long term anti-hyperglycemic effect of N. sativa was investigated in insulin independent hyperglycemic patients by Kaatabi et al. (2015). Treatment with N. sativa was given orally at a dosage of 2 g daily for 1 year in addition to the standard medications. FBG levels, HbA1c, anti-oxidative enzyme activities were measured at the baseline and every 3 months for comparison. It was reported that hypoglycemic effect was seen in the patients and insulin resistance were too lowered in treated patients and also anti-oxidant defense mechanism as well as beta cell activity was enhanced (Kaatabi et al., 2015). In another study on STZ-I diabetic rats, 20% (w/w) methanolic extract of N. sativa resulted in significant reduction in several parameters associated with diabetes like blood glucose levels, lipid peroxidation, and others and improved anti-oxidant defense mechanism (El Rabey et al., 2017). N. sativa oil contains thymoquinone and has shown to exert positive effects in STZ-I hyperglycemic rats by ameliorating FBG levels and improving insulin secretion (Heba et al., 2018).
Herb–drug interaction: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-hypertensive drug amlodipine besylate in presence of Lepidium sativum and Curcuma longa
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Mohd Aftab Alam, Yousef A. Bin Jardan, Mohammad Raish, Abdullah M. Al-Mohizea, Abdul Ahad, Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi
Lepidium sativum (L. sativum), also known as Garden cress (Brassicaceae family), is an edible herb. It is used as a culinary herb and also has huge potential for the treatment of various diseases (Prajapati et al. 2014; Raval and Pandya 2011). L. sativum is reported to has antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties (Alqahtani et al. 2019); hypoglycaemic activity (Attia et al. 2019); antidiarrheal and spasmolytic activities (Rehman, Mehmood et al. 2012); treat hyperactive airways disorders, such as asthma, bronchitis and cough (Rehman, Khan et al. 2012); prokinetic and laxative activities (Najeeb-Ur-Rehman et al. 2011), and antihypertensive activity (Jouad et al. 2001; Maghrani et al. 2005). L. sativum is known to interfere in pharmacokinetics of some drugs. It has increased the area under curve (AUC0–t) of cytochrome P450 3A4 substrates: cyclosporine in rabbits (Al-Jenoobi et al. 2013) and carbamazepine (Alkharfy, Al-Jenoobi, Alam et al. 2013). It also increased the AUC0–t of phenytoin, a CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 substrate (Alkharfy, Al-Jenoobi, Al-Mohizea et al. 2013).
Protective effect of thymoquinone, the main component of Nigella Sativa, against diazinon cardio-toxicity in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2019
Gholam Hassan Danaei, Bahram Memar, Ramin Ataee, Mohammad Karami
Recent studies have focused on natural antioxidants owing to their protective effects against the toxicity of various pollutants and pathogenic factors, especially when ever ROS are involved. Currently, there is a strong interest in developing new therapeutic agents from natural product (Darakhshan et al. 2015). Nigella sativa (black seed or black cumin) is used in many Middle Eastern countries as a natural remedy. N. sativa as a member of the family Ranunculaceae and is an herbaceous annual. It has an illustrious religious tradition and its seeds and oil have been commonly used as a traditional remedy for a variety of health conditions for more than 2000 years. The seeds, which are a rich source of the active ingredients of the plant, have long been used in the Middle and Far East as a traditional medicine for a range of pathological conditions (Ali and Blunden 2003). They are used for asthma, bronchitis, inflammation, eczema, fever, influenza, hypertension, cough, headache, dizziness, diabetes, kidney and liver dysfunction, disorders, rheumatism, cancer and related inflammatory diseases, gastrointestinal problems and for overall well-being (Goreja 2003).
Anti-cancer potential of the lipoidal and flavonoidal compounds from Pisum sativum and Vicia faba peels
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Amal M. El-Feky, Marwa M. Elbatanony, Marwa M. Mounier
It has turned out to be certain that tumor is the principle driving reason for death in developed countries as well as developing countries. Mankind has been struggling with great efforts to get improved and discover cheaper treatments with fewer drawbacks to decrease the commonness of this disease and its resulting mortality. Legumes are well known of being rich in many bioactive non-nutrient components (phytochemicals) alongside their nutritional valued compounds (protein, carbohydrates, dietary fibers, and vitamins). Both plants under study belong to family Fabaceae. Pisum sativum L. is commonly known as the green pea or garden pea. In 2002, Troszynhska et al. [4] proved that the acetone extract of the seed coat has antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant and anticancer properties. The HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds in the same study showed the presence of some phenolic acids (benzoic, cinnamic acids, and their derivatives as well as some flavonoids (apigenin-7-glucoside, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3- glucoside as well as other flavonoids). On the other hand, Vicia faba L. is among the oldest plant in the world [5], and considered an essential source of protein and energy as it is rich in a large amount of amino acids [6], also a potent source of levodopa; a precursor of dopamine, so that, it can be used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease [5].