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Practice Guidelines for the Assessment of Risk for Violent Behaviors during the Psychiatric Evaluation
Published in Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan, Psychiatric Mental Health Assessment and Diagnosis of Adults for Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses, 2023
Kunsook S. Bernstein, Robert Kaplan
The criminological and psychiatric literature suggests that risk factors for other-directed violence, including homicide, are in some respects different for people with mental disorders than for the general population (Buchanan et al., 2012). The mental disorders most commonly associated with aggressive behaviors leading to other-directed violence are paranoia, command hallucination, and substance intoxication. Diagnoses that tend to show aggressive behaviors are personality disorders (i.e., borderline and antisocial PDs), which are characterized by rage and poor impulse control, and cognitive disorders (typically those associated with frontal and temporal lobe involvement) (Sadock et al., 2019). Therefore, it is essential that the APMHN evaluate a client's risk for other-directed violence during the initial psychiatric evaluation. (Please note that the term “violence” is commonly used in the literature to refer to “other-directed violence,” and therefore will be used in that way for the rest of this section.)
Other Asphyxial Deaths
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
Injuries are more common in adults who are not intoxicated as they try to resist the smothering attempt by struggling. Contusions and lacerations of the frenulae and lacerations of the lips are common in people with healthy teeth (Figures 6.1 and 6.2). These occur because of the force exerted by the smothering instrument against the jaw bones bearing intact teeth. It is due to the lack of this that the diagnosis of smothering in infants and elderly is difficult. Abrasions, bruises and laceration may be present on the face, especially around the nose, mouth (Figure 6.2) and sometimes even over the surface of the tongue (Figure 6.3). Fingernail abrasions and small hematomas may also be seen. The front teeth may be broken. Other associated neck injuries should also be checked. Homicides will usually be attempted by using multiple methods in young, healthy adults. Hence, strangulation marks and other neck injuries should always be anticipated (Figure 6.4). Posterior neck dissection can be carried out if significant injuries or findings are not present in the face and anterior aspect of the neck. There may be defense injuries in the hands and forearm. Both active and passive defense injuries should be anticipated. Correlation with other injuries on the body is important before concluding the manner of death.
Compulsive Homicides in Historical Context
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
Although sexual homicide is not a new problem, relatively few scientists have studied this criminal behavior. Only a handful of psychiatrists and psychologists has evaluated and attempted to understand these offenders. While many important insights into the psychopathology and psychodynamics of such criminals have been gained, a few mental health professionals, shocked by the compulsive murderer’s heinous conduct, have concluded (incorrectly) that the offenders must be psychotic. In fact, only a minority of compulsive murderers have psychotic symptoms (Meloy, 2000), and in those who do, the psychosis is not related to the underlying compulsion to kill (Revitch and Schlesinger, 1981, 1989). However, their mental illness can greatly affect the manner in which the homicide occurs.
States of Mind with Respect to Attachment: a comparative study between women who killed their children and mothers diagnosed with post-partum depression
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2023
Nicoletta Giacchetti, Guido Maria Lattanzi, Franca Aceti, Nicola Vanacore, Riccardo Williams
Infanticide is recognized by the Italian Penal Code as a specific offense, and is punished according to Article 578 of the Criminal Code, which identifies it as: ‘..the induced death of the new-born immediately after birth or of the fetus during birth, by its own mother, when the fact is determined by conditions of material and moral abandonment connected to childbirth’ [8]. Any other case of killing of the offspring by the parents, no matter the age of the victim, is considered as a homicide. In virtually all cases of filicide and infanticide a psychiatric evaluation is required, in order to assess the imputability and social danger of the person. The Article 88 of the Criminal Code states that when full possession of one’s mental capacity at the time of the crime is absent or greatly diminished, an individual is not responsible for the crime [9]. Given this case, the person is not fully accountable for the crime, therefore is not sentenced to imprisonment but to a so-called Residenza per l’Esecuzione delle Misure di Sicurezza (REMS), i.e. residence for the execution of security measures, a health facility that replaced the Judicial Psychiatric Forensic Hospitals [10].
School-Associated Violent Deaths in the United States: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Published in Journal of School Violence, 2022
Ilaria Stewart, Joseph Wertz, Howard Jen
Because SAVD spans the interest of several disciplines, one challenge of synthesizing the literature lies in the comparison of similar terms. We identified two terms – “school shooting” and “rampage shooting” – that require particular care in the reconciliation of their meaning, especially when using the framework presented above. Though any firearm-related SAVD could be considered a school shooting, we encountered this term almost exclusively in reference to firearm-homicide and so present most findings on school shootings in our section on school-associated homicides. Similarly, because they involve the intention of killing as many victims as possible, “rampage shootings” are discussed in conjunction with multiple-victim homicides. This draws upon the definition offered by Shultz et al. (2013) for “rampage shootings” – incidents perpetrated by an offender intending to commit homicide without targeting a specific individual or who fatally shoots at least one victim.
Contextual factors associated with gender-based violence and related homicides perpetrated by partners and in-laws: A study of women survivors in India
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2022
Bushra Sabri, Anna Marie Young
The relationship level factors that placed women at risk for GBV or severe GBV were characteristics and behaviors of partners or in-laws. While many of the partner-related factors related to GBV and homicides are similar to those found in studies outside India (e.g. suspicion, partner’s unemployment, alcohol use) (Campbell et al., 2003), some unique actors were identified such as negative masculine ideals, and engaging in violence on the instigation of his family (her in-laws). In-laws had a prominent role in the cycle of abuse, with abuse mostly related to gender-role expectations and dowry demands. Women with abusive in-laws faced additional challenges when husbands do not believe their disclosure of abuse. Thus, interventions to enhance women’s safety must consider abuse by both husband and in-laws. More comprehensive safety assessments can help identify women who are at risk for health and safety consequences of living in abusive households. There is need to strengthen risk-informed safety planning and counseling services for women who may be at risk for GBV-related homicides.