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Cancer
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
In addition to the cancer risk of cigarette smoking: Cigar smoking on a regular basis increases risk of cancers of the lung, oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus (American Cancer Society, 2021).Waterpipe (hookah) smoking is linked in emerging data (currently mostly from case-control studies rather than prospective cohorts) with two to four times increased risk of lung and oral cancers (Waziry et al., 2017).Smokeless tobacco products marketed in the US include chewing tobacco and snuff. Use of smokeless tobacco increases risk of oral cancer especially, as well as esophageal and pancreatic cancers (Warnakulasuriya & Straif, 2018; Wyss et al., 2016).E-cigarettes may also be called “e-cigs,” “vapes,” “e-hookahs,” “vape pens,” and “electronic nicotine delivery systems.” Research is still underway regarding long-term health effects. However, it’s well established that e-cigarette aerosol contains nicotine, as well as cancer-causing chemicals and ultra-fine particles that reach deep into lungs (American Cancer Society, 2019; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “About Electronic Cigarettes”).
Tobacco and health
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Devices produced to replace cigarettes initially looked like cigarettes and were called electronic cigarettes, e-cigarettes. These battery-powered devices heat liquid to produce a vapour that can be inhaled. There are broadly two types electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) – the liquid contains nicotineelectronic non-nicotine delivery systems (ENNDS) – the liquid does not contain nicotine
Substance Use Disorder, Intentional Self-Harm, Gun Violence, and HIV/AIDS
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson
Nicotine, a naturally or synthetically produced stimulant and strong parasympathetic alkaloid, is a highly addictive organic compound found in the leaves of certain plants, most notably the family of tobacco plants within the Nicotiana genus. Nicotine is delivered to the body in various forms including cured tobacco leaves for smoking (e.g. cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and hookahs), smokeless tobacco (e.g. loose-leaf chewing tobacco, loose powder pouches, or grains [snus]), and/or synthetic forms such as transdermal patches, gums, and lozenges. New delivery devices growing in popularity worldwide include heated tobacco products (which produce aerosols containing nicotine), and electronic nicotine delivery systems (e.g. e-cigarettes and vaporizer [vape] pens).
Participatory research on the prevalence of Multi-Substance vaping in college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
One of the challenges in understanding and monitoring the use of these devices is the rapidly changing product landscape and concomitant changes in language used to describe behaviors.7 In the mid-2000s, when the modern electronic cigarette was first introduced to the United States, the product was designed to look like a traditional cigarette. Second-generation devices were shaped like pens and often called “vape pens” or “tanks.” Third- and fourth- generation devices vary in shape and size, but frequently are rectangular and mimic a USB stick. These products frequently are referred to by their brand names, such as “JUUL,” or as a “vape” or “mod.” Many researchers now refer to all these devices collectively as “Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems” (ENDS), even though these devices can be used with flavoring, cannabis, or other products with or without delivering nicotine. “Vaping” is the behavior or practice of inhaling vapor using one of these electronic devices, regardless of the type of device being used or the substance being vaporized. Throughout this article, we will use the term “ENDS” to describe devices generally and “vaping” to describe the behavior.
E-Cigarettes, the FDA, Public Health, and Harm Reduction: A Response to the Open Peer Commentaries
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2023
Larisa Svirsky, Dana Howard, Micah L. Berman
However, it is important to acknowledge that the FDA has not remained silent on the question of whether e-cigarettes are safer than combustible tobacco products (as some of the commentaries suggested it was doing). Recent communications from the agency suggest that e-cigarettes are likely less harmful than combustible tobacco products, while also recognizing that the current state of the evidence is not decisive on whether e-cigarettes are effective tools for smoking cessation and on exactly what kinds of long-term health risks e-cigarettes pose to adult users. For instance, one part of the FDA’s websites states:We’re conducting ongoing research on potentially less harmful forms of nicotine delivery for adults, such as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), or e-cigarettes. Though more research on both individual and population health effects is needed, many studies suggest e-cigarettes and noncombustible tobacco products may be less harmful than combustible cigarettes… [While research findings that ENDS may improve the likelihood of smoking cessation] back up anecdotal reports, there is not yet enough evidence to support claims that e-cigarettes and other ENDS are effective tools for quitting smoking. According to the findings, the effects are particularly unclear when it comes to newer types of e-cigarettes that have better nicotine delivery, and the effect of ENDS when combined with an NRT (U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2022b).
E-Cigarettes, the FDA’s Strategic Orientation, and Lessons from the Opioid Crisis
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2022
Jake Monaghan, Brandon del Pozo
While providing people with the same nicotine that forms the basis of their physical addiction, there is no available evidence that electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have carcinogenic effects comparable to combustible cigarettes, or cause the respiratory diseases attributable to smoking (National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine 2018), and there is substantial consensus that the exclusive use of ENDS has better health outcomes than tobacco use (Goodwin and Barrington-Trimis 2022). A harm reduction approach to nicotine addiction therefore suggests the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should convey this knowledge to the public, so people can opt to manage their nicotine addiction using a safer means than combustible cigarettes. However, in “E-cigarettes and the Multiple Responsibilities of the FDA,” Svirsky, Howard, and Berman (2022) argue against this claim, contending that for now, the FDA should remain silent on this matter to resolve its conflicting role responsibilities.