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Infantile Colic
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
The term colic applies to any well-fed and otherwise healthy infant that cries more than three hours a day, more than three days a week, or for more than three weeks. Colic typically starts about two or three weeks of age for a full term infant and ends at about four months. A baby with colic often cries excessively at about the same time of day (usually in the late afternoon or evening). There are many different causes of excess crying in infants (e.g., a wet or dirty diaper, excessive gas, feeling cold, hunger, thirst, illness, or pain), but the cause of colic is unknown. The incidence of colic in breastfed and bottle-fed infants is similar.
Colic and reflux in the breastfed baby
Published in Amy Brown, Wendy Jones, A Guide to Supporting Breastfeeding for the Medical Profession, 2019
The prevalence of this excessive crying varies according to the definition used, although, most often, it peaks during the second month of life with a prevalence of 1.5–11.9% (Reijneveld et al. 2001). The incidence of simple colic is estimated to be between 10% and 30% of infants at any one time (Clifford et al. 2002; Rosen et al. 2007).
Gastroenterology
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Infantile colic is common. Cows’ milk and/or other dietary proteins appear to be associated with the prevalence of infantile colic in a significant number of cases. Transient lactose malabsorption has been implicated in others.
Acupuncture treatments for infantile colic: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of blinding test validated randomised controlled trials
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2018
Holgeir Skjeie, Trygve Skonnord, Mette Brekke, Atle Klovning, Arne Fetveit, Kajsa Landgren, Inger Kristensson Hallström, Kjetil Gundro Brurberg
Infantile colic is a painful and poorly understood ailment in early infancy. It is a self-limiting condition normally ending at 3–4 months of age. The definition still commonly used is Wessel’s symptom definition of 1954: ‘Paroxysmal, uncontrollable crying and fussing in an otherwise healthy infant under 3 months of age, with more than 3 h of crying per day in more than 3 days for more than 3 weeks’ [1]. A modified version, Rome III [2], has been in place since 2006 [3] and a further extension, ROME IV [2], since 2016 [4]. Persistent painful crying is a severe strain on both the child and parents [5]. There is no clear aetiology. According to the Rome IV criteria, infantile colic is in most cases regarded as a behavioural syndrome representing the high spectrum of normal developmental crying, rather than symptoms of abdominal pain [4]. Physiological factors such as altered gut motility, immature digestive functions, altered intestinal macrobiotics or food sensitivity might be involved [6–8]. Psychological factors like inadequate parent–infant interaction or family tension have also been proposed as important factors [6–8]. There is no consensus on treatment strategies for the condition [5,9]. Strategies include counselling on specific management techniques, reduced stimulation, herbal teas, sucrose, simethicone, hypoallergenic diet, chiropractic manipulation, probiotics and acupuncture [5,8,10].
Management of pain using magnesium sulphate: a narrative review
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Hassan Soleimanpour, Farnad Imani, Sanam Dolati, Maryam Soleimanpour, Kavous Shahsavarinia
Renal colic is a sudden onset of extreme pain that originates out of flanks and extends anteriorly and inferiorly to the groin or testicle. These patients have a growing recurrent pain [35]. Renal colic usually occurs in waves for 20–60 minutes and needs quick pain relief [36]. The results obtained by Jokar et al. demonstrated the ability of magnesium sulfate to reduce the pain with renal colic and decrease the requisite for extra morphine [37]. It seems that magnesium sulfate can be a secure adjunct medication in managing the pain of renal colic patients in the emergency department [38]. In a randomized double-blind clinical experiment carried out by Majidi et al., the effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate in patients with acute renal colic was evaluated [38]. They found that magnesium sulfate had a similar effect in terms of relieving the acute pain compared to morphine sulfate with 0.1 mg/kg dose [38]. A new systematic review that looked into the data from four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of 373 patients with renal colic pain suggested that intravenous magnesium sulfate (15–50 mg/kg) did not decrease renal colic pain gravity significantly at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes [39]. In this meta-analysis, the application of magnesium sulfate failed to reveal superior effects in comparison with ketorolac or morphine [39]. Based on the results of the literature review by Morel et al., 44% of RCTs in migraine, 40% in renal colic pain, and 50% in chronic pain detected considerable decreases in pain after magnesium treatment. Furthermore, the use of different magnesium dosages and treatment durations in these types of pain does not allow determining a reference dosage [40].
An Examination of the Folk Healing Practice of Curanderismo in the Hispanic Community
Published in Journal of Community Health Nursing, 2018
Caida de mollera is the fallen fontanel of an infant’s head, the baby’s soft spot. It is thought to be the result of inefficient suckling, falling, or the nipple being removed to quickly from the baby’s mouth (Krajewski-Jaime, 1991; Trotter & Chavira, 2011). This illness causes the baby to cry, have diarrhea, colic, vomiting and have a fever (Tafur et al., 2009). To cure caida de mollera, the baby is held upside down over a pan of water while warm water and soap is applied to the sunken part of the baby’s head, a finger is then inserted into the baby’s mouth to push up the palate (Trotter & Chavira, 2011).