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Health Care in Prisons *
Published in Andrew Stevens, James Raftery, Jonathan Mant, Sue Simpson, Health Care Needs Assessment, 2018
Tom Marshall, Sue Simpson, Andrew Stevens
Episodic tension headache can be treated with aspirin, paracetamol or ibuprofen. Combination treatments containing codeine or caffeine are best avoided because of the potential for dependence. Tension headaches which occur more than twice per week, are leading to medication misuse or are causing significant disability should be regarded as chronic tension headaches. There is some evidence that low dose amitriptyline (50–100 mg daily) is effective in reducing the frequency and duration of chronic headaches. Muscle relaxation, either with or without electromyographic biofeedback, may be effective in reducing the symptoms of chronic tension headache.107 Behavioural treatments may also be effective when used by patients at home rather than in a clinic.108 Spinal manipulation may be effective in reducing the frequency of tension headache.109
Sleep and headache disorders
Published in S.R. Pandi-Perumal, Meera Narasimhan, Milton Kramer, Sleep and Psychosomatic Medicine, 2017
C. Rains Jeanetta, J. Steven Poceta, B. Penzien Donald
Sleep disorders are increased in migraine and TTH. Sancisi et al.42 matched chronic headache patients from a neurology service with episodic headache controls. The sample of 105 chronic headache sufferers included 50 probable migraine with medication overuse, 30 probable tension headache with medication overuse, 4 chronic migraine, and 21 chronic tension headache; patients with chronic headache were at substantially greater risk of insomnia every day than episodic headache controls (54% vs. 24%; OR = 2.71 [1.2–6.4]), sleep apnea and/or snoring (49% vs. 37%), daytime sleepiness (49% vs. 24%), and anxiety and/or depression (43% vs. 27%; OR = 2.11 [1.2–3.8]). Risk of insomnia was especially high; 68% of the chronic headache sample reported insomnia, including 23% reporting daily use of hypnotics (vs. 10% of the episodic headache sample). Further multivariate analysis showed that the presence of insomnia was independently associated with chronic headache (OR = 5.01 [2.3–10.9]). Other variables independently associated with chronic headache were lower education, lower age of headache onset, and antidepressant therapy. While antidepressant use is probably a marker for more severe psychiatric comorbidity, they are also commonly employed in headache prophylaxis.
Botulinum neurotoxin for head and neck disorders
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2021
A comprehensive review of head and neck clinical applications of botulinum toxin injection, this text was edited by three very experienced otolaryngologists with chapters authored by experts in the field. Following an initial basic science chapter on the biochemistry and mechanism of action, each subsequent chapter focuses on specific uses of botulinum toxin in the head and neck region, which includes the following: Essential blepharospasmFacial dystoniaMeige syndromeOromandibular dystoniaSpasmodic dysphoniaCervical dystoniaHemifacial spasm and facial synkinesisHyperfunctional facial linesUpper and lower esophageal spasmPalatal myoclonusTemporomandibular disorders, masseteric hypertrophy, and cosmetic masseter reductionLaryngopharyngeal applicationsMigraineChronic tension headacheTrigeminal neuralgiaFrey syndromeFacial hyperhidrosisSialorrhoeaRadiation-induced spasm and pain