China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monographs of essential oils that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Basil oil is a pale yellow to ambery yellow clear mobile liquid, which has a spicy, slightly anisic to spicy woody or to spicy cinnamic odor. In basil oils from various origins, over 435 chemicals have been identified. About half of these were found in a single reviewed publication only. There are several types of basil oil in international commerce, each derived principally from different cultivars or chemotypes of sweet basil. The chemotype heavily influences the chemical composition of the essential oil (3).
Croton zehntneri: Essential Oils and Inclusion Complex
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Lorenna Fonseca, Mahendra Rai, Sidney Gonçalo de Lima
It is possible to have several different species producing an essential oil with the same chemical composition, for example, carvacrol in Origanum vulgare (Mastro et al. 2017), Origanum onites (Ozkan et al. 2010) and Thymbra capitata (Palmeira-De-Oliveira et al. 2012). On the other hand, plants of the same species, for example, Mentha spicata, can have completely different aromas: mint (menthol and carvone), wild mint (piperitone and piperitenone oxide) and lavender (linalool and linalyl acetate) (Zhao et al. 2013). These are known as chemotypes, that is, plants of the same species having compounds from different biosynthetic pathways (Cook and Lanaras 2016).
Natural Variability of Essential Oil Components
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
A big majority of scientific publications on intraspecific chemical variability of volatile components refer to “chemotypes”. Chemotype is, in practice, a common term which may be used in each case when the exact chemical taxon cannot be defined more precisely. Formerly, the term “chemical race” was used similarly, which term unfortunately has been considered later as not unequivocal and a rather indefinitive one (Tétényi, 1975). Therefore, the use of “intraspecific chemical taxon” as a general name and the use of the accepted botanical taxon definitions (such as forma, varietas, subspecies, in case of cultivated species the term cultivar etc. with the prefix “chemo-” as special names for closely defined taxa) were suggested.
The discovery of novel antivirals for the treatment of mpox: is drug repurposing the answer?
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2023
Ahmed A. Ezat, Jameel M. Abduljalil, Ahmed M. Elghareib, Ahmed Samir, Abdo A. Elfiky
The drug discovery dilemma relies on the time needed to develop potential candidates against newly discovered or reemerged viral breakthroughs [86]. For this reason, millions of people are at risk of deadly and fast-spreading viruses like human coronaviruses, Zika, Ebola, influenza viruses, and many others. Orthopox viruses are one of the reemerging zoonotic disease-causing viruses that attracted our attention recently [87]. In order to face such challenging and deadly viral breakthroughs, we can’t heavily rely on the conventional drug discovery pipeline to find new treatments, although the timeline to develop new drugs against new targets has been shortened due to new computational and experimental advances in the last few decades. We need to find fast and suitable treatment strategies to stop the virus from spreading and save humans. One of these valuable strategies that showed successful results during the recent SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough is drug repurposing. It is usually effective in many emerging or reemerged epidemics and pandemics. We can repurpose drug chemotypes that have safe clinical and pharmacological properties to be used in humans. We can quickly screen the possible binding of such drug compounds against viral targets. Fortunately, advancements in structural biological techniques, such as cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), enabled researchers to study huge massive proteins, protein complexes, and nucleic acid or membrane-associated proteins with impressive high resolution [88].
An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
More than 60% of new anticancer medicines have been produced from natural sources in one way or another (104). Nature continues to be an ample amount of biologically active and assorted chemotypes, and although very few of the isolated natural products are formed in their own right into clinically effective drugs. These specific molecules also serve as mockups through the application of the chemical methodology, such as complete or combined synthesis, for the preparation of more effective analogues and prodrugs. Moreover, the improved formulation can lead to the more efficient administration of the drug to patients, or the production of effective targeted therapies through the conjugation of lethal natural molecules to monoclonal antibodies or polymeric carriers specifically targeting epitopes for tumors of interest.
Therapeutic Potential of Zataria multiflora Boiss in Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2019
According to the GC-MS analysis of Z. multiflora essential oils by different GC-MS columns (Table 2), the essential oil from Z. multiflora dried aerial parts (Kashan, Iran) had thymol (38.7%), carvacrol (15%), p-cymene (10.2%), and γ-terpinene (9.8%) as its main components (Mahboubi and Bidgoli, 2010). This essential oil belonged to thymol, carvacrol, and p-cymene chemotype. Comparing the 18 samples of essential oil from natural populations across different provinces of Iran, including Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, Kerman, Fars, Yazd, Isfahan, and Bushehr, showed thymol (6%–54.9%), carvacrol (0.7%–50.6%), p-cymene (1.6%–14.8%), linalool (1.2%–46.8%), carvacrol methyl ether (1.0%–11.6%), and trans caryophyllene (0.2%–8.4%) as the main components (Hadian et al., 2011).