China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Radiation Syndromes and Their Modifications
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Handbook of RADIOBIOLOGY, 2020
Perivascular and parenchymal granulocytic infiltration in the meninges, choroid plexuses, and brain are often seen after head or whole-body exposure of about 5000 R or more.21 The extent of cellular infiltration is dose- and time-dependent. The early infiltrates contain granulocytes, whereas after 12–14 hr they contain mostly mononuclear cells and, later, debris-filled macrophages.
Strategies for Elucidating Immunological Mechanisms in Intestinal Smooth Muscle Pathophysiology
Published in William J. Snape, Stephen M. Collins, Effects of Immune Cells and Inflammation on Smooth Muscle and Enteric Nerves, 2020
Intestinal smooth muscle is composed of the muscle cells themselves, the vasculature, extensive neural networks, connective tissue matrix, and various interstitial cells, including fibroblasts and mast cells. Inflammation of muscle occurs in many conditions and can involve neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells and lympho-mononuclear cells. However, such a cellular infiltration is not necessary to generate significant alterations in function, as agonists or antagonists arrive from distant sites through the vasculature or by diffusion through tissues. Alternately, muscle function may be modified by neurogenic inflammatory cascades initiated elsewhere.
Immunology of Scleroderma
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
In early SSc lesions, lymphocytes infiltrate the skin and are scattered throughout the subcutaneous tissue and dermis, or are localized around small vessels, nerves and skin appendages, whereas later in the course of disease, fibroblasts and collagen are more prominent.27-29 Immunohistochemical study of skin biopsies from patients with SSc of recent onset have identified increased numbers of perivascular CD3+ T lymphocytes, which are mostly CD4+ helper cells expressing CD45RO+ memory phenotype and HLA class II. The T cell infiltrate precedes the findings of small vessel vasculopathy and alterations of interstitial tissues including fibroblast activation and proliferation.30 The degree of cellular infiltration correlates with the extent and progression of skin thickening. Fibroblasts displaying increased production of various collagens are located in close proximity to lymphocytes.31 In vitro studies have shown that extracellular matrix components including collagens type I, III, and VI, fibronectin, decorin and glycosaminoglycans are increased in SSc lesions.32-36
Scleral Inflammation around Collector Channels in Eyes with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Maximilian Schultheiss, Bogomil Voykov, Maren Klemm, Ulrich Gross, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Martin S. Spitzer, Maria Casagrande
Our histological sections from biopsies of POAG-patients show an accumulation of CD 3 and CD 45RO positive cells around the CCs. This cellular infiltration of immunocompetent cells could be interpreted as inflammation and the number of CD 3 and CD 45RO positive cells/mm2 differs a lot between the biopsies. Therefore, a diverse inflammatory process exists around the CCs in the vast majority of the biopsies from POAG patients (92%). In these cases, the cellular infiltration always only exists close to the CCs. With increased distance to the CCs, the cellular infiltration diminishes continuously. The co-localization of the inflammatory cells around the CCs enhances the possibility that the inflammatory process is related to POAG. In contrast, the biopsies from untreated dysgenetic glaucoma patients were negative for CD 3 and CD 45RO and those biopsies did not show a cellular infiltration around the CCs. Additionally, the four biopsies from POAG-patients, which were negative for CD 45RO, were also negative for CD 3. Therefore, also completely negative biopsies existed. Nevertheless, this is the first publication, which reports about inflammation around the CCs in POAG.
Biological mechanisms of ectopic lymphoid structure formation and their pathophysiological significance
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2021
Tatjana Marinkovic, Dragan Marinkovic
In contrast to the pre-programed formation of secondary lymphoid organs, the formation of ELS occurs in inflamed tissues and it is regulated by defined set of inflammatory signals, [2,3]. Stromal cells and monocytes from the inflamed tissue produce the inflammatory mediators responsible for the leucocyte recruitment, activation and survival [4]. In acute inflammation, cellular infiltration typically presents the diffuse influx of immune cells, with the cells being scattered throughout the inflamed tissue [2]. Upon competent host defense mechanisms, this immune cells influx results in antigen elimination, limited tissue damage and resolving of the inflammatory episode. However, in some cases of repeated or non-resolving inflammatory episodes, dysregulation of these mechanisms may lead to the autoimmunity, chronicity and tissue pathology, processes that include ELS formation [5,6].
Accelerative effect of topical Zataria multiflora essential oil against infected wound model by modulating inflammation, angiogenesis, and collagen biosynthesis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Mohammad Reza Farahpour, Sara Sheikh, Elham Kafshdooz, Ali Sonboli
Concerning the evaluation of the histological parameters, the mice were euthanized by a special CO2 device and the granulation tissue were excised in along to 1 to 2 mm from surrounding normal skin. The samples were fixed in neutral-buffered formalin 10%, routinely processed, and paraffin wax was embedded, sectioned at 5 µm, and stained with Masson’s trichrome and then examined under light microscopy (Olympus CX31RBSF attached cameraman) as reported by Farahpour et al. (2018). Cellular infiltration, edoema and collagen deposition were assessed. An image pro-insight software was utilised for evaluating the collagen deposition. Morphometric lens (Olympus, Germany) was used for assessing the epithelial thickness. edoema was assessed as a 5-score as reported previously (Nejati et al. 2015).