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Paget's Disease/Osteitis Deformans
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Paget's, or osteitis deformans, is a bone disease that causes one or more bones to become larger, misshaped, weaker, and more brittle. It is a disorder of bone remodeling where local areas of bone break down (resorb) followed by replacement with fibrous tissue.1 Bone matrix that is more dense, but spongy, forms in those areas and eventually becomes somewhat harder (sclerotic). Nonetheless, these affected areas of bone are now softer and weaker than normal bone, which can lead to bone pain, deformities, and fractures. Paget's disease of bone can also cause the body to produce too many blood vessels in the affected bones, increasing the risk of serious blood loss during an operation.2
Optimal Nutrition for Women
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Kayli Anderson, Kaitlyn Pauly, Debra Shapiro, Vera Dubovoy
Bone disease is generally associated with advancing age and menopause. However, almost all bone mass in the axial skeleton will be accumulated in young women by late adolescence, so the years immediately following menarche are especially important. Adequate calcium in prepubertal and pubertal girls improves bone accrual.116 Accordingly, osteoporosis prevention ideally begins in adolescence.
Paper 1
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Differential diagnoses of polymyalgia rheumatica make up a long list and include many systemic/vasculitic/infective/bone diseases. Malignancy is always in the mix as well. However, hypothyroidism rather than hyperthyroidism is more implicated here.
Circular RNA from phosphodiesterase 4D can attenuate chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix degradation under OA milieu induced by IL-1β via circPDE4D/miR-4306/SOX9 Cascade
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2022
Lixia Gao, Xiaoyun Wang, Jian Xiong, Yan Ma
Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) is a novel molecular therapeutic agent for human diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease [1], ischemic stroke [2], asthma [3], and cancers [4]. The association of PDE4D to inflammation has been observed, and its inhibitor has also been developed for a broad-spectrum of inflammatory conditions [5]. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common inflammatory bone disease, and local inflammation is a typical hallmark of OA and triggers the degeneration of articular cartilage [6]. In vitro inflammatory models in cartilage have been wildly used to elucidate the pathophysiology of OA by testing chondrocyte apoptosis and catabolic processes [7]. Circular RNA (circRNA) from PDE4D (circPDE4D; ID hsa_circ_0072568) is one of the most downregulated circRNAs in degenerated cartilages from OA patients [8]. However, its precise role in OA pathogenesis was largely unknown.
HR-pQCT in vivo imaging of periarticular bone changes in chronic inflammatory diseases: Data from acquisition to impact on treatment indications
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2021
Camille P. Figueiredo, Mariana O. Perez, Lucas Peixoto Sales, Georg Schett, Rosa M. R. Pereira
Subsequent studies focused on differences of bone disease in various forms of arthritis such as RA and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). While, osteophytes in RA typically resemble secondary osteoarthritis, lesions in PsA typically affect entheseal insertion sites and sometimes are very extensive affecting the entire surface of bone (periostitis). Moreover, erosive lesions in RA are larger in size than those found in PsA, and RA shows U-shaped erosions, PsA typically has Ω-shaped lesions, with a narrower neck and wider base [38]. Also, with respect to erosions distribution, in RA the radial side of the MCP head is typically affected [61,62], while in PsA, involvement of phalangeal base and palmar surface is also common [38]. Concerning PsA and osteoarthritis (OA) anabolic bone changes (bone spurs), the major finding in both diseases, the literature has shown that number and size of bone spurs were comparable. However, the lesions in OA primarily emerged from the cartilage affecting palmar and dorsal sites, while in PsA they were predominantly related to entheseal sites including phalangeal bases, which are spared in OA [63].
In vivo characterization of carbon dots–bone interactions: toward the development of bone-specific nanocarriers for drug delivery
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Rachel DuMez, Esmail H. Miyanji, Lesly Corado-Santiago, Bryle Barrameda, Yiqun Zhou, Sajini D. Hettiarachchi, Roger M. Leblanc, Isaac Skromne
Bone diseases such as osteoporosis affect over 54 million individuals annually in the US alone (Wright et al., 2014), imposing a heavy burden to society that could be mitigated with improved diagnostic techniques and expanded treatment options. For osteoporosis, early diagnosis is key for the most successful treatment prognosis, as current treatments predominantly rely on preventing further bone erosion and not in restoring bone mass, as drugs that promote bone growth can lead to cell proliferation in other tissues and increase a patient’s risk to cancer (Marie & Kassem, 2011). Bone disease diagnostics rely on X-ray imaging methods and MRI or CT scans, with novel, higher sensitivity, fluorescent-based technologies currently under development (Chen et al., 2014; Gruneboom et al., 2019; Jung et al., 2019; Yan et al., 2019). The development of more sensitive diagnostic tools for early bone-loss detection and novel treatment methods for stimulating bone growth without affecting other tissues will significantly ameliorate the societal and personal cost of bone diseases.