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Ethosuximide
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
Non-dose related adverse effects forcing discontinuation of therapy include skin rashes mostly nonspecific in nature but erythema multiforme, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and scleroderma (13). Hematologic problems usually occurred within the first 6 months. Reported blood dyscrasias include transient eosinophilia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia. Clinical signs which may indicate a blood dyscrasia include fever, sore throat, petichiae, or intestinal bleeding. Complete blood counts should be performed monthly and periodically thereafter. Any granulopenia observed is likely to recover on reduction of the dose or discontinuation of the drug. A lupus-like syndrome has been reported in patients receiving ESM alone or in combination. Three types of reactions have been recognized: (1) development of antinuclear antibodies; (2) classic lupus-like illness with malar rash, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, myocarditis, and pericarditis; autoimmune thyroiditis; and (3) a systemic immunologic disorder which includes the nephrotic syndrome (12). The lupus-like syndromes usually resolve on discontinuation of the medication. Hepatic toxicity is uncommon, though elevation of “liver” enzymes has been reported which resolved on discontinuing the medication. The relatively reduced risk of hepatic toxicity is an important positive feature of ESM therapy.
The Special Sense Organs and Their Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Excessive stimulation of the labyrinthine receptors of the inner ear produces motion sickness with its symptoms of nausea, vomiting, pallor (paleness), and cold sweats. Vestibular disorders also result from drug toxicity, blood dyscrasias (hemorrhage into the labyrinth), and lesions of the eighth cranial nerve.
The Aging Immune System
Published in Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla, Textbook of Immunology, 2019
Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla
Several blood dyscrasias and malignant disorders have a greatly increased incidence among the elderly. Monoclonal immunoglobulins are found with increasing frequency with age. The prevalence of benign monoclonal gammopathy increases more than 20-fold between the ages of 50 and 70. As many as 14% of people over the age of 90 have a monoclonal immunoglobulin. In most cases, this results from a nonmalignant B cell clonal expansion due to altered T cell regulation. Some instances may be associated with chronic infections, plasma cell dyscrasias (see Chapter 5) or lymphoma and leukemia.
Evidence for Complementary and Alternative Therapies to Treat Glaucoma
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Catherine M. Marando, Teresa C. Chen
Ginkgo biloba extract has neuroprotective and antioxidant properties25 and can improve ocular blood flow.24 Its adverse side effect profile is limited,26 and therefore use of Ginkgo biloba extract is generally well-tolerated. There are case reports of patients developing blood dyscrasias following use of Ginkgo biloba extract, however randomized controlled trials have not shown any changes in the coagulation cascade with Ginkgo biloba extract use.27 Other isolated reports have described cardiac arrythmia following Ginkgo biloba extract use, however this has not been borne out in clinical trials. There is conflicting literature on whether Gingko biloba affects cytochrome function,28,29 however this is another important consideration as its use may potentiate or diminish the effects of other prescription medications. Notably, more than 90% of publications are related to the beneficial effects of Ginkgo biloba extract, and unfortunately less has been reported about its toxicity profile.30
Attitude towards and experience with clozapine of patients and their caregivers after three months of starting of clozapine
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Meha Verma, Sandeep Grover, Subho Chakrabarti, Devakshi Dua
In terms of their knowledge about side effects, almost all patients were aware of possible blood dyscrasias, and the majority of them were aware of other side effects like weight gain, disturbance in lipid profile, hypersalivation, hypotension, and chances of developing diabetes mellitus. Only two-third of the patients were aware of the possible occurrence of seizures with clozapine, and only about one-third were aware of myocarditis as a possible side effect. In general, the caregivers' knowledge about all the rare side effects of clozapine was better than the patients. More than 90% of the caregivers were aware of all the rare side effects except for myocarditis, about which only 57.7% of the caregivers were aware (Table 2).
Therapeutic effects of three human-derived materials in a mouse corneal alkali burn model*
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Kyung Eun Han, Mi Hye Park, Kyoung Hye Kong, Euno Choi, Kyu-Ryong Choi, Roo Min Jun
These materials have several advantages and disadvantages. Repeated collection of peripheral blood for long-term use is a limitation of human peripheral blood serum (hPBS) application. Blood sampling is not recommended in patients with blood dyscrasia and positive microbiology12. Meanwhile, a relatively large amount, over 60 mL, of umbilical blood can be obtained after each delivery. However, collecting umbilical blood is associated with the risk of spreading blood-borne diseases or infections such as hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Human AM (hAM) suspension use does not need suture and stitch procedures and can, therefore, be a practical substitute for AM transplantation.