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Resistance of Acinetobacter spp. to Antimicrobials — Overview of Clinical Resistance Patterns and Therapeutic Problems
Published in E. Bergogne-Bénézin, M.L. Joly-Guillou, K.J. Towner, Acinetobacter, 2020
Urinary tract infection — >In a large study of community-acquired urinary tract infection (Hoffmann et al., 1982), a 14% incidence of patients with significant bacteriuria caused by A. calcoaceticus was reported; susceptibility testing indicated that the A. calcoaceticus strains were insensitive to ampicillin, cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and streptomycin. Carbenicillin, oxytetracycline, sulphonamides and tetracyclines showed variable activity. The compiled susceptibility data since 1964 (Table 7.6) do not indicate significant changes in resistance to antibiotics actually available during the years of observation until 1980. Biovar anitratus strains were more resistant than biovar Iwoffii, as shown for strains tested in 1975 and in 1982.
Burkholderia
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Danielle L. Peters, Jaclyn G. McCutcheon, Karlene H. Lynch, Jonathan J. Dennis
In 1992, seven Pseudomonas species were reclassified and assigned to the new genus Burkholderia (including B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, B. cepacia, and B. gladioli).66 Following analysis of the type strain LMG 11626/NCIB 9450/ATCC 33664 (a strain isolated from tempe bongkrek), P. cocovenenans was subsequently assigned to this genus in 1995, becoming Burkholderia cocovenenans comb. nov.67 This reassignment was confirmed later in 1995 using 16S rDNA sequencing using NCIMB 12451, a fermented corn flour poisoning isolate.68 This strain was described as P. cocovenenans (as opposed to P. cocovenenans bv. farinofermentans), thus discontinuing the use of the biovar designation. In 1997, Vandamme et al.69 determined that sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of whole-cell proteins using B. gladioli and B. cocovenenans strains resulted in similar protein patterns. To confirm the relatedness of the two species, this group performed further experiments using SDS-PAGE, DNA hybridization, and biochemical tests.70 Their results led to the reclassification of B. cocovenenans as a member of B. gladioli.
Brucella
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
The preferred host of B. abortus is cattle but it can also naturally infect numerous other species including: bison (Bison bison), elk (Cervus elaphus), camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus), yaks (Bos grunniens), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), goats, swine, and other species.23–25 Biovars 1 and 2 have widespread worldwide distribution, while biovar 3 is predominantly found in India, Egypt, and Africa. Several countries in Northern and Central Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan, and New Zealand are considered to be free of this pathogen.
A case report of a fulminant Aeromonas hydrophila soft tissue infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia harboring a rare translocation
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022
Emmanouil Charakopoulos, Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos, Konstantinos Zervakis, Nefeli Giannakopoulou, Mina Psichogiou, Nora-Athina Viniou
Aeromonas is an oxidase-positive, facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative bacillus, which mostly inhabits aquatic environments, including domestic water although it is now known that humans can also get infected through pets and consumption of certain foods, mainly meats and dairy. These organisms are part of the normal human gastrointestinal flora, especially during the summer months, because of increased growth in warm water. The most frequently encountered species in clinical settings are A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biovar sobria (often erroneously termed as A. sobria in the medical literature). Human Aeromonas infections are rather uncommon and opportunistic since in more than 80% of cases there is underlying immunosuppression. Middle-aged men are more commonly affected. The spectrum of clinical symptoms and disease severity is broad. The most common clinical manifestations are gastroenteritis, skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and septicemia. Less frequently, Aeromonas infections manifest as peritonitis, cholangitis, pneumonia, cystitis, prostatitis, or ocular disease1,2. Herein, we describe a case of severe Aeromonas SSTI in a middle-aged man with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A description of this case with a specific emphasis on the patient’s rare chromosomal abnormality has been published by our group3.
Chlamydia trachomatis vaccines for genital infections: where are we and how far is there to go?
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2021
Luis M. de la Maza, Toni L Darville, Sukumar Pal
Stephens and Lammel [36] analyzed the DNA sequence of C. trachomatis and, based on the presence of a leader peptide-signal, or of a carboxyl-terminal phenylalanine, they predicted the following proteins to be in the outer membrane: the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) (corresponding to ORF: CT681), PorB (CT713), Omp85 (CT241), OmpH-like protein (CT242), the following hypothetical proteins (CT548, CT623, CT351, CT476, CT858, CT007 and CT021) and the family of nine polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmp) (A-I). Interestingly, proteins CT242, CT351, CT476, CT548 and CT623 contain 12 cysteine residues each. Tanzer and Hatch [37], using surface labeling, detected MOMP, Pmp E (CT869), G (871), and H (CT872) and CT623 on the surface of C. trachomatis L2 EB. Liu et al. [38] characterized the COMC by differential proteomics and determined that the following proteins from C. trachomatis serovar D, MOMP, PorB, Omp85, OmcA (CT444), OmcB (CT443), OprB (372), Pal (CT600), PmpB (CT702), PmpC (CT414), PmpE, PmpF (CT870), PmpG, PmpH, CT289, CT389, CT623, and CT674, were enriched in the COMC. Saka et al. [39], using quantitative proteomics, established that OmcB, CT623, MOMP and PmpG were the most abundant proteins in the COMC. OmcB, MOMP and PmpG were also found to be highly enriched in Chlamydia muridarum (previously called C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis biovar) exosomes [40] To conclude, although several proteins that were identified in these studies are surface exposed, others still have unknown localization.
Bioactive small molecules produced by the human gut microbiome modulate Vibrio cholerae sessile and planktonic lifestyles
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Heidi Pauer, Felipe Lopes Teixeira, Avery V. Robinson, Thiago E. Parente, Marília A. F. De Melo, Leandro A. Lobo, Regina M. C. P. Domingues, Emma Allen-Vercoe, Rosana B. R. Ferreira, Luis Caetano M. Antunes
Data processing and analyses were performed at the Plataforma de Bioinformática – RPT04A of the Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, as previously described.24 In summary, raw sequencing read files (bcl files) were converted to fastq files with bcl2fastq software version 2.17 (Illumina). Technical and low-quality sequences were removed using Trimmomatic (v 2.2.0) with the following parameters: ILLUMINACLIP:TruSeq3-PE-2.fa:2:30:10 LEADING:3 TRAILING:3 SLIDINGWINDOW:4:20 MINLEN:40.25 Read quality was assessed using FastQC (Babraham Bioinformatics), and filtered reads were mapped with Bowtie2 (–no-mixed – no-discordant) to the two chromosomes of V. cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961 (GenBank accession no. NC_002505 and NC_002506) as references.26 SAMtools was used to extract and sort mapped reads (-G 77, -G 141), and the Cufflinks suite was used to compare global gene expression between conditions.27–29 Genes that showed a differential expression of 2-fold with p< .05 between conditions (absence or presence of fecal extract) were considered significantly regulated. Genes were functionally annotated and had their functional abundance profiles created with EggNOG (v. 5.0.0) (http://eggnog5.embl.de).30 Protein-protein association networks of significantly altered genes (≥10-fold change) were analyzed using STRING v11.0 (https://string-db.org/).31