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Trichinella
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Edoardo Pozio, Fabrizio Bruschi
In some patients with exceptionally severe course, adynamia dominates, which may persist for a long time, reflecting pronounced intensity of angiomyositis-type pathology or neuromuscular disturbances. Itching and numbness or tingling sensation in various muscle groups frequently manifest together with muscle pain. Restricted motility due to muscle pain associated with movements may lead to contractions, particularly in knee and elbow joints, nuchal pseudorigidity, and difficulties in opening the mouth. The signs gradually subside during convalescence, to arrive to complete regression, especially with the aid of physiotherapy.
Disorders of Problem Solving in The Development of the Massive Frontal Syndrome
Published in Aleksandr R. Luria, Lubov S. Tsvetkova, Robert J. Sbordone, Aleksandr Mikheyev, Sergei Mikheyev, The Neuropsychological Analysis of Problem Solving, 2017
Aleksandr R. Luria, Lubov S. Tsvetkova, Robert J. Sbordone, Aleksandr Mikheyev, Sergei Mikheyev
The manifestations of aspontaneity and adynamia, described before the fourth operation, persisted. The patient was still languid but he easily entered into conversation. He often answered questions by formal remarks and stereotypes. For instance, he said that “it was March” and did not notice that it contradicted his earlier remark that he was admitted to hospital on April 15. He easily began to work out the received assignments but got immediately exhausted and substituted inert stereotypes for the correctly performed tasks. He still did not suffer from any apparent disorders in spatial praxis or position praxis, but in tests on dynamic praxis he very quickly lost the given program of movements and replaced it either with inert stereotypes or disordered motor actions. We found that the patient encountered difficulty in memorizing complex motor responses and that the learned complex motor responses were easily forgotten. His speech was preserved, but we noted much more serious difficulties in remembering the given programs, and much more manifest pathological inertness in performing intellectual operations following his most recent surgery.
Chemical-Dependency Treatment with Traumatic Brain-Injured Clients
Published in Gregory J. Murrey, Alternate Therapies in the Treatment of Brain Injury and Neurobehavioral Disorders, 2017
Duane A. Reynolds, Gregory J. Murrey
The executive functions have been tied to the frontal lobes of the brain, which, in essence, act as an executor or overseer of all other areas of the brain. The frontal cortex oversees the thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of an individual, receiving messages and feedback and sending commands via the neuropathways throughout the brain. Due to the structure of the skull and location of the frontal lobes of the brain, the frontal and temporal lobes are very susceptible to damage, particularly during motor vehicle accidents. Damage to the dorsal prefrontal regions and the orbital frontal regions of the frontal lobes can result in a negative and positive symptom presentation, respectively. It is not uncommon for a brain-injured person to present with adynamia (inability to initiate behavior) and perseveration or impulsivity (inability to stop or inhibit behaviors). Thus, the person could have difficulty starting a behavior but also may have difficulty stopping the activity or behavior once initiated. A primary executive function disorder that is often not well understood by clinicians, counselors, or even medical professionals is anosognosia ("anos" meaning self and "agnosia" meaning inability to recognize), which refers to the lack of awareness of deficit due to frontal lobe damage and corresponding executive dysfunction. It is important for the counselor to understand the difference between anosognosia (lack of awareness of deficit) and denial. Specifically, anosognosia is a result of an actual neurocognitive disorder due to a neurological trauma, whereas denial is a psychological construct that is psychiatric in nature and anxiety based.
Analyses of the toxic properties of recombinant human Cyclophilin A in mice
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2019
Anastasiya Kalinina, Mariya Zamkova, Elena Antoshina, Lubov Trukhanova, Tatyana Gorkova, Dmitriy Kazansky, Ludmila Khromykh
Visible signs of rhCypA intoxication in mice were observed at the 350–750 mg/kg doses. These included adynamia, inertia, ruffled hair, accelerated breathing, or decreased responses to external stimuli. The IP injection of 500 or 750 mg rhCypA/kg caused deaths in ≈40% of the female mice by Day 5 post-injection (Figure 1). Injection with 350 mg rhCypA/kg led to a final 10–15% death rate within 2–6 days. The lowest dose (i.e. 150 mg rhCypA/kg) had no impact on female survival. In comparison, a single SC injection of 350, 500, or 750 mg rhCypA/kg resulted in no mortality of the female mice (Figure 2). The lowest dose (i.e. 250 mg rhCypA/kg) had no impact on male mouse mortality after IP administration (Figure 3). In males injected IP with 750 mg rhCypA/kg, a final mortality rate of 30% was attained by Day 4 (Figure 3).
Safety and tolerability profile of new antiepileptic drug treatment in children with epilepsy
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2018
Romina Moavero, Laura Rosa Pisani, Francesco Pisani, Paolo Curatolo
In a large extension study enrolling 370 patients with up to 8 years of follow-up, the most common TEAEs (>15% of patients) have been dizziness, headache, nausea, diplopia, fatigue, upper respiratory tract infection, naso-pharyngitis, and contusion [125]. Less frequent TEAEs were depression (9.5%), memory impairment (7.3%), and cognitive disorders (4.3%). In 130 children <16 years, TEAEs have been reported in 30% of cases, the most common being nausea, vomiting, instability, dizziness, nystagmus, somnolence, weakness, and adynamia [126]. In other studies, TEAEs have been reported in 33–59% of patients [127–130]. Dyspepsia was the most common complaint in younger patients [131].
Traumatic Brain Injury and Sexually Offensive Behaviors
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2018
TBI is also associated with “challenging behaviors.” Sabaz et al. (2014) reported a prevalence of 54% of individuals in their study exhibited challenging behaviors. These included inappropriate social behavior (33.3%), aggression (31.9%), and adynamia (23.1%). Thirty-five percent of their study sample exhibited more than one challenging behavior. Premorbid alcohol abuse, post-injury restrictions in participation, increased support needs, and greater degrees of premorbid mental health conditions were found to be independent predictors of challenging behaviors. In their study of 479 people, 18 (3.6%) had exhibited inappropriate sexual behavior.