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Routine and Special Techniques in Toxicologic Pathology
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Daniel J. Patrick, Matthew L. Renninger, Peter C. Mann
Whole-slide imaging (WSI), or “virtual” microscopy, involves the scanning of glass slides to produce “digital slides” or “virtual slides.” Virtual slides allow a pathologist to view different magnifications, move the slide in any direction, save screenshots as image files, and annotate specific areas, if desired. Virtual microscopy uses digital slide scanners and stitching software that create a whole-slide digital image file. The two most important criteria in digital slide scanners is speed of acquisition and resolution. Virtual slides are stored on large servers with massive capacities and can be viewed using a browser.
Prerecorded telemedicine
Published in Richard Wootton, John Craig, Victor Patterson, Introduction to Telemedicine, 2017
Furthermore, a novel technique has been developed, called the ‘digital’ or ‘virtual’ slide, which allows the recording of a complete digital slide, resulting in hundreds of MBytes of data.13 By accessing such a data-set, the sampling problem is solved. For its transmission, two techniques are available: transfer of the complete data-set (preferably overnight, due to the size), or access through a software program (often called a virtual microscope) able to transfer on demand just the images requested by the user.
Learn
Published in Janet Grant, Thomas Zilling, The Good CPD Guide, 2017
Medical education is no stranger to simulations in the form of skills laboratories for clinical examination and communication, of actors, simulated patients, physical simulations for surgical skills, mannequins for examination skills etc. In general practice, simulated surgeries are well known for the purposes of learning and assessment. Simulations offer varying degrees of reality replication. Paper-and-pencil or computer-based patient management problems, for example, are a representation of the clinical decision-making process which is abstracted rather than offering high fidelity. On the other hand, for a long time, it has been difficult to differentiate some standardised patients from the real thing.47 Increasingly, simulations are relying on computer technology – the virtual microscope and virtual brain being good examples. Simulations can be used to help people learn anything from a specific skill, to the whole integrated process of diagnosis and patient management. There is much research to support their use and testify to their effectiveness.48
How will artificial intelligence impact breast cancer research efficiency?
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Gianluca Franceschini, Elena Jane Mason, Armando Orlandi, Sabatino D’Archi, Alejandro Martin Sanchez, Riccardo Masetti
CNNs are a technology particularly apt at interpreting images. It is therefore unsurprising that its application in oncology has gained particular momentum in the fields of radiology and pathology, two strongly image-related disciplines. The distribution of growingly affordable technology has contributed to the development of virtual microscopy and digital pathology, opening the way to a considerable amount of imaging data that is more and more shareable thanks to biobanks and cloud systems. DL CNN models are being tested for automatic interpretation of pathological slides and are showing promising results in many areas applicable to breast cancer care, such as detection of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, mitoses, PDL-1 expression, molecular subtypes and HER2 status of breast lesions [4]. Some DL algorithms have been tested to compete with a panel of pathologists in interpreting whole-slide images of nodal metastases, and achieved better diagnostic performance [8]. It is therefore imaginable that AI will gain growing importance in histopathology and provide increasing support (and competition?) to pathology specialists.
Image-based multi-scale mechanical analysis of strain amplification in neurons embedded in collagen gel
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Victor W. L. Chan, William R. Tobin, Sijia Zhang, Beth A. Winkelstein, Victor H. Barocas, Mark S. Shephard, Catalin R. Picu
It should be noted that the strain distribution can be predicted using a much simpler model in which an anisotropic body (a neuron) is embedded in a homogeneous matrix. In such case, the strain in the softer transverse direction would be larger than that in the axial direction. Such a model would predict that strain amplification cannot happen when the neuron is loaded along its axis. The results shown in the insets to Figure 9 indicate that strain amplification occurs in all loading cases considered and hence that accounting for complex geometry is essential in this case. This justifies the development of models that capture the exact geometry of the sample and which can be used as a virtual microscope that complements lower resolution experimental observations.
Development and evaluation of an online integrative histology module: simple design, low-cost, and improves pathology self-efficacy
Published in Medical Education Online, 2022
Daniel T. Schoenherr, Mary O. Dereski, Kurt D. Bernacki, Said Khayyata, Stefanie M. Attardi
The first section of the module displayed four short (1–1.5 minutes) videos on the topics of the respiratory epithelium, bronchi (Figure 1(A)), bronchioles, and alveoli. The videos were made by a histology faculty member (S.A.) in consultation with two faculty pathologists (K.B. and S.K.) to verify the pathology correlations, reflecting the steps of ‘harmonization’ (communication with other instructors to adapt outside content to their teaching) and ‘nesting’ (instructors incorporate content from other courses into their own teaching) on Harden’s integration ladder [14]. The purpose of the videos was to review these structures by emphasizing which histological features should and should not be present normally, and to recall specific pathologies associated with the named morphological features. Each narrated video began with a normal, low magnification image to orient the viewer to the structure of interest. Higher power views of specific areas of interest on the initial image were subsequently displayed and explained briefly. Text labels for the structures appeared in real time as they were discussed. Pathologies related to the structures were named and described briefly, with text labels appearing as they were discussed. The topics and content of each video are listed in Appendix 1. The visual materials for the videos were built in PowerPoint (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA). Microscopy images were acquired from the Virtual Microscopy Database [31] and from Western University’s online Virtual Slidebox [32] with permission. The videos were recorded in Camtasia 3 for Mac (TechSmith, Okemos, MI) to create a voice-over-PowerPoint mp4 file. The lead investigator (D.S.), a medical student, tested the videos for audiovisual clarity and instructional pace. The videos were hosted on an unlisted YouTube channel (YouTube, San Bruno, CA) and embedded in the Qualtrics page for viewing; thus, the user could control the delivery pace and viewing time.