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Japanese Regulations and Standards for Medical and Dental Grade Gloves
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
K. Matsunaga, T. Ohhara, A. Takeuchi, R. Nakaoka, Y. Haishima
Thermoplastic elastomers (single-use surgical, dental, and examination rubber gloves), PVC resins, and plasticizers (single-use dental and examination vinyl gloves) are defined using relevant standards. The methods of sampling and selection of the test pieces for each test and the implementation methods of dimension measurement and each test are also specified in the standards. The water tightness test (pinhole test) is described in detail in Annex A (normative) of all five standards. In addition, items relating to sterilization treatment, packaging, and indications are described, and a table showing the comparisons between the JIS and corresponding international standards is included in Annex JA (reference) of the standards as well.12–16
Understanding the Role of Existing Technology in the Fight Against COVID-19
Published in Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma, Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
The components of a face mask are made of different materials. For example, the nose clip may be made of a metal (aluminum), and it can be 3D printed using SLS/SLM technique. The layers of N95 mask can also be deposited one by one. Similarly, the ear straps can be made using thermoplastic elastomers through SLS or FDM methods. Other parts such as nose foam (polyurethane), face seal (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)), and exhalation valve (polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) can be printed by using different materials and different techniques [61].
Airway
Published in Kelvin Yan, Surgical and Anaesthetic Instruments for OSCEs, 2021
This is an i-gel which is a single-use, supraglottic device to support the airway and is available in 7 sizes (Figure 1.3). It is made from thermoplastic elastomer which is inserted supraglottically to form an anatomical seal with the pharyngo-laryngeal structures without the need for any cuff inflation.
3D printed upper limb prosthetics
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
FDM printers commonly use Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polylactide (PLA) filaments. Following the extensive testing [16], various versions of printable ABS thermoplastic have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals. Biocompatible and biodegradable PLAs [17] have as well received similar approvals. FDA also recognizes the SLS compatible Nylon 680 [18] and a full range of other printable materials that rely on modified versions of the available printers [19]. It is worth mentioning that there is an emerging family of rubber-based materials such as Filaflex and Thermoplastic Elastomer (Ninjaflex) that are flexible in design, high-performance, and easily printed [20]. These new filaments have already been applied for prosthetic designs [21]. Though, it should be noted that using certified materials is just the first step of the process and that the certification of the entire prosthetic systems still needs to be done.
Genital vibration for sexual function and enhancement: best practice recommendations for choosing and safely using a vibrator
Published in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 2018
Jordan E. Rullo, Tierney Lorenz, Matthew J. Ziegelmann, Laura Meihofer, Debra Herbenick, Stephanie S. Faubion
Cleaning recommendations are determined by the material composition of the device. Both silicone and thermoplastic elastomer vibrators have been shown to have the potential to transmit HPV immediately after being cleaned by a commercially available sexual device cleaning product. This potential was even greater for thermoplastic elastomer, which maintained traces of HPV 24 hours after cleaning. Despite this risk, there are currently no evidence-based cleaning recommendations for sexual devices (Anderson et al., 2014). Additionally, at the time of this writing, no other organisms have been tested for potential transmission with vibrator use.
Thermoplastic, rubber-like marine antifouling coatings with micro-structures via mechanical embossing
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Tom Bus, Marie L. Dale, Kevin J. Reynolds, Cees W. M. Bastiaansen
A few critical remarks are appropriate with respect to the results presented above. Firstly, the transfer of the samples from the recirculating artificial seawater system to the controlled hydrodynamic shear environment in some cases introduced a loss in fouling which was induced by the flow of water upon transfer. Consequently, the data points in Figure 8 at zero water velocity might have experienced a (very low) water velocity and should be slightly shifted to a little bit above zero water velocity. On the other hand, this hardly changes the main observations in this study and this was therefore ignored. Secondly, this study was limited to a single thermoplastic elastomer and a single lubricant which was added in a single weight fraction (10 wt%). A further optimisation of the coatings with respect to the chemical structure of the TPE, lubricant and weight fractions would potentially result in further improvements of these coatings in marine AF. Thirdly, a limited set of data was presented concerning the long term stability of the coatings and more extensive studies need to be performed on large scale vessels to further establish their practical applications and limitations. Fourthly, the samples had only been partially embossed which could result in edge effects on the boundary of the embossed area. However, when looking closely at the boundary region in Figure 7 no such effect is seen. The release of biofilm seems to be similarly spread when compared to the reference samples. Finally, the TPE with lubricant and a micro-structure on average exhibited an improved performance in comparison to their flat and lubricant free counterparts. This rather unexpected result seems to contradict another study which was performed on modified Intersleek® 1100SR (Benschop et al. 2018) in which hardly any influence of the hydrodynamic shear reducing structures was observed. At present, the origin of this phenomenon is obscure and therefore no speculation has been made on this. Despite the rather obvious limitations described above, it is believed that the results of this study are relevant for practical applications in a marine environment.