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Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Sandro R.P. da Rocha, Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 2019
Sandro R.P. da Rocha, Balaji Bharatwaj, Rodrigo S. Heyder, Lin Yang
Currently, the industry is also exploring the use of gaskets made of polymer blends. The idea is to combine the advantages of different rubber materials to more accurately target the desired properties. Different blends of hydrogenated nitrile, polyolefine elastomer and bromobutyl have been discussed.
Spinning of Dialysis Grade Membranes
Published in Sirshendu De, Anirban Roy, Hemodialysis Membranes, 2017
The model chosen for analyzing the polymer blend solution is power law fluid. The plots of shear stress to shear rate are depicted in Figure 5.17. From this figure, the values of flow behavior index (n) and consistency index (k) are obtained. In the case of PEG variation, an average k can be assumed as 17.6 Pa s1.27 and average n as 1.27. For PVP variation, the same was 3.3 Pa s0.98 and 0.98, respectively.
Presentation Format
Published in Kitsakorn Locharoenrat, Research Methodologies for Beginners, 2017
Polymer Blend. Chitosan powder (CS with molecular weight = 480,000 Da and degree of deacetylation = 75–85%) and polyethylene glycol (PEG with molecular weight = 6,000) powder including ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) with different blend ratio were dissolved in acetic acid solution using magnetic stirrer for 72 hrs. It was noted that polyethylene glycol was inactive for the cross-linking with chitosan and we used EGDGE as a cross-linker. The blend solution was subsequently degassed to remove air bubbles, and then spread onto a Teflon dish. Afterwards, the gel was dehydrated. It was noted that the acid film was neutralized by base solution. The CS to PEG blend ratios were 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1 by weight. Ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDGE) was used to each sample in different quantity (0.5 mL, 1.5 mL, and 3.0 mL). Form of polymer blend used in this experiment was the film.
Solid dispersions based on chitosan/hypromellose phthalate blends to modulate pharmaceutical properties of zidovudine
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Liliane Neves Pedreiro, Fernanda Isadora Boni, Beatriz Stringhetti Ferreira Cury, Natália Noronha Ferreira, Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião
The use of polymer blends is a rational strategy that has been successfully explored by our research group to modulate the physicochemical and/or biological properties of several drugs carried in different delivery systems such as microparticles (Valente et al. 2013; Prezotti et al. 2014; Boni et al. 2016; Meneguin et al. 2018), nanoparticles (Pedreiro et al. 2016; Boni et al. 2018; Ferreira et al. 2020; Prezotti et al. 2020; Boni, Cury, Ferreira, Gremião 2021; Boni, Cury, Ferreira, Teixeira, et al. 2021) and hydrogels (de Oliveira Cardoso et al. 2017; Ferreira et al. 2017). Such platforms display important mucoadhesive properties, an advantageous feature, especially for mucosal delivery, as it can promote the immobilization of the drug at the absorption or action site, in addition to allowing the closest contact with the biological surfaces, modulating the permeability and absorption of drugs (Boni et al. 2018; Meneguin et al. 2018; Prezotti et al. 2020).
3D printing for enhanced drug delivery: current state-of-the-art and challenges
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Melissa Wallis, Zaisam Al-Dulimi, Deck Khong Tan, Mohammed Maniruzzaman, Ali Nokhodchi
The use of CAD in 3D printing technology allows the manufacturing of drug formulation with the desired release rate and pattern. Apart from the type of polymer and the ratio of polymer to drug which can alter the release profiles of drug from 3D printed tablets, there are other parameters such as geometrical shape [46] which could modulate the drug release pattern to reach the desired release profile. In addition, it has been shown that the drug loading in filaments can significantly have an impact on drug release [47,48]. So, 3D printing provides possibilities to fine-tune drug release profiles. Miscibility of drug with polymer incorporated in the filament is another parameter that could change the drug release pattern as a drug with high miscibility with the polymer can reduce the viscosity of the complex remarkably. In addition, the use of polymer blends can provide an opportunity to modulate drug release from printed dispersions to achieve the desired release pattern [49].
Development and characterization of polymeric-based nanoparticles for sustained release of amoxicillin – an antimicrobial drug
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Enes Güncüm, Nuran Işıklan, Ceren Anlaş, Nilgün Ünal, Elif Bulut, Tülay Bakırel
Another biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic polymer is poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Because of these properties and its simple chemical structure and easiness of chemical modification, it has been extensively used in many biomedical applications including burn wound dressing, artificial muscle, contact lenses, vocal cord reconstruction and in pharmaceutical fields [20–22]. However, PVA is a hydrophilic polymer [23] and especially for drug delivery applications, its weak stability in water has restricted its use in aqueous systems. In order to overcome this issue, insoluble PVA can be formulated by cross-linking, copolymerizing, grafting and blending, which need some additional and sometimes complex and time-wasting procedures [24–26]. The method of polymer blending can be regarded as a beneficial means to prepare a new polymer blend of PVA/NaAlg. To obtain crosslinked NaAlg using glutaraldehyde, the chemical reaction between the aldehyde groups of glutaraldehyde and hydroxyl groups of NaAlg can be used [27].