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Diagnosis of endometrial receptivity and the embryo-endometrial dialog
Published in David K. Gardner, Ariel Weissman, Colin M. Howles, Zeev Shoham, Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, 2017
Francisco Domínguez, Maria Ruiz-Alonso, Felipe Vilella, Carlos Simón
Despite increasing interest in the regulation of endometrial receptivity, the role of the endometrium in successful implantation remains incompletely understood. During the WOI, the endometrium acquires the receptive phenotype, which involves both morphological and molecular changes such as plasma membrane transformation (6). Pinopodes, or epithelial protrusions, are also formed during this period (7), but their functional role is questioned (8). Although hundreds of biochemical molecules have been proposed as markers of endometrial receptivity—such as cytokines and their receptors (9), adhesion molecules and their receptors, cyclins (10–12), and classical hormonal receptors (13–15)—none has been clinically consolidated into a diagnostic tool (15). Thus, we still rely on inmunohistochemistry of the endometrial tissue based on the work of Noyes and colleagues in the 1950s. However, the dawn of the new “omics” (genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and secretomics) techniques and the interrogation of the vast amount of data obtained with complex bioinformatics could advance our understanding of the black box that is endometrial receptivity.
The Applicability of Raman Spectroscopy in Sperm Diagnosis and Selection for Assisted Reproduction
Published in Nicolás Garrido, Rocio Rivera, A Practical Guide to Sperm Analysis, 2017
Genomics is the study of the complete set of genes expressed in a certain cell type or tissues at a specific time. Proteomics is the study of the complete set of proteins.21 Secretomics is the study of the complete set of proteins secreted by the cells into the surrounding medium. Metabolomics is the study of the complete set of resulting metabolites in a defined environment originated by cell metabolism. Epigenomics, recently introduced, is devoted to the study of the heritable changes in gene expression that occur without changing the gene sequence.22
The secrets of protein secretion: what are the key features of comparative secretomics?
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
To date, the major challenge of secretome characterization is the differentiation of actively secreted proteins from contaminants originating from cell culture medium or dead cells. Common approaches are simply based on the identification of ‘secreted’ proteins by shotgun MS, mRNA sequencing, or immunological detection (e.g. antibody arrays). Depending on whether the methods are robust against the identification of false-positives (contaminants), these approaches strongly depend on the prediction of protein secretion, which has been shown only to be accurate for classically secreted proteins [12,13]. Therefore, comparative secretomics was developed to allow the direct experimental identification of secreted proteins by omitting bioinformatic annotations as a decisive step. Comparative secretomics have shown to be robust and give access to high-confident data with a high proportion (>80%) of bona fide secreted proteins and a five-fold higher identification rate if consideration was not limited to proteins exclusively identified in the secretome [6]. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to better understand the composition of the secretome, because it depends on different criteria, such as cell type and culture condition. Further characterization of the high-confident secretome has revealed that proteins released by unconventional vesicle-mediated secretion processes are difficult to detect and that this protein group is not accessible without additional sample preparation protocols (unpublished data).
Proteomic examination of the neuroglial secretome: lessons for the clinic
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020
Jong-Heon Kim, Ruqayya Afridi, Won-Ha Lee, Kyoungho Suk
Secretomics, a sub-field of proteomics, refers to the analysis of complex sets of molecules secreted by numerous living cells that play important roles in cell to cell communication, migration, cell growth, differentiation, and intracellular signaling. The secreted molecules have been implicated in various disease modalities such as immunological disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The secretomes of cells are highly dynamic and the proteins released by cells change during development and maturation as well as under various pathologies. The secretome also changes during various stages of disease progression, and hence, can be exploited as an incredible repository for the identification of novel biomarkers for the timely detection and treatment of neurological disorders. Recent advances in secretome technology have opened new avenues for the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer and autoimmune diseases [21]. The secretome of glial cells has recently been analyzed in various in-vitro and in-vivo settings and many disease-specific proteins released from glia in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders have been identified [17,20].
Role of Smoking-Mediated molecular events in the genesis of oral cancers
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Secreted proteome represents the secretome; the word secretome was proposed by Tjalsma et al. (2000) while analyzing the total secreted proteins encoded by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The secretome comprises proteins classically and non-classically secreted from a cell, tissue or organism. The complex secretome has both structural and functional diversity. The cancer secretory proteins may be operative in extracellular matrix modeling, signaling, growth inhibition or stimulations, control of cell-to-cell interactions, regulation of cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions, cell differentiation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, cancer secretomics is an essential approach for fishing out disease associated markers (Xue et al. 2008; Donadelli 2017). The secreted proteomes of oral tissues comprising salivary and serum proteomes, representing the entire protein complement of human saliva and serum respectively, are the treasure of proteins with biomarkers (diagnostic and prognostic) potentials which may correlate with the ongoing pathophysiological transformations in the T_Sm exposed oral tissues (Anderson 2005; Jessie et al. 2010).