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Reliable Biomedical Applications Using AI Models
Published in Punit Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Rohit Verma, Healthcare Solutions Using Machine Learning and Informatics, 2023
Shambhavi Mishra, Tanveer Ahmed, Vipul Mishra
Artificial intelligence is one of the popular fields in the area of biomedical applications, including omics, brain–body machine interfaces, and medical imaging. This study explored several existing methods used in the domain, seeking to analyze the work to improve upon the suitability of methods in practice. Guidelines that could pave the way for future work in the field were also presented. Although research has achieved tremendous breakthroughs in this arena, there is scope for improvement. In other words, although AI-based methods have brought visible advances to the field, the true potential of AI is yet to be revealed. Technological advances will bring improvements in AI-assisted robotic surgery, drug discovery, disease risk prediction, virtual nursing assistants, medical diagnosis, and medical image analysis. Despite the great success of AI techniques in biomedical applications, many limitations such as bias, interpretability and imbalance are yet to receive much needed attention.
Futuristic Approaches in Vitreoretinal Surgery
Published in Pradeep Venkatesh, Handbook of Vitreoretinal Surgery, 2023
The word robot is derived from the Slavic robota, which translates to servant or slave and was first introduced in a play almost a century ago. With advancements in technology and computing, robotics has evolved into an area of specialization within the field of engineering. Robotics involves the conceptualization, design, and applications of machinery that can emulate and reproduce mechanical tasks that are performed by human beings. These machines have been in use for several decades in areas that are beyond human capability such as space exploration and repair and deep-sea exploration. More recently, they are being used to replace human labour in homes and workplaces. In combination with the exponential improvements in deep learning and machine learning, robot-assisted surgery is expected to achieve a quantum leap in terms of precision and clinical applicability. It is also expected to improve the quality and standardization of surgical training. Limitations of robotic surgery include the technical complexity, cost, and questions on responsibility assignment, consent, ethics, and liability. Although robotic platforms provide 3D visualization, access to tissues and better dexterity to the surgeon, surgical aspects like traction, applied force, suture tying strength, dissection, and tissue response are based largely on visual cues. To overcome some of these limitations, approaches like the haptic feedback systems and tactile feedback systems have been studied.
Endometriosis Centers of Excellence, Past, Present and Future: The Challenges of Introducing New Technologies
Published in Nazar N. Amso, Saikat Banerjee, Endometriosis, 2022
In robotic-assisted surgery there are additional technical aspects which need comprehensive training for the whole team, including surgical, nursing, allied health professionals and anesthetic staff. To introduce robotic surgery effectively and safely, the training program needs to be structured. BIARGS has developed a structured training curriculum for robotic surgeons, first and second assistants and certification of trained surgeons.
Robotic navigation during spine surgery: an update of literature
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Qi Zhang, Xiao-Guang Han, Ming-Xing Fan, Jing-Wei Zhao, Zhao Lang, Ji-Le Jiang, Da He, Bo Liu, Wei Tian
The musculoskeletal system is the most important and complex motor system in the body, with complex three-dimensional anatomy adjacent to important neurovascular tissues. Orthopedic surgical robots fulfill the concept and technical means of precision surgery. Combined with the latest biomedical engineering technology, orthopedic surgical robots achieve precise surgical operations with less damage through accurate, safe, and stable operations [1]. These robots may help reduce the challenges of low accuracy and high complication rates caused by the restricted vision and unstable movements of surgeons in orthopedic surgery [2]. Surgical robots have improved the effectiveness of orthopedic disease treatment and have become one of the most vital research directions in the development of orthopedics [3].
The role of a socially assistive robot in enabling older adults with mild cognitive impairment to cope with the measures of the COVID-19 lockdown: A qualitative study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2023
Maaike Van Assche, Timothy Moreels, Mirko Petrovic, Dirk Cambier, Patrick Calders, Dominique Van de Velde
The pandemic and subsequent containment measures have proven to be detrimental to the public’s mental health. With social interaction being one of its important determinants, older adults, whose social health was found to be at increasing risk in recent years, appeared to be a vulnerable group. As Belgium initiated a lockdown procedure starting from mid-March 2020, many vulnerable older adults were being isolated from their regular support systems, experiencing drastic changes in their routine and spending more time alone than before. New technologies, such as telehealth and robotics, could offer possible alleviation. In this study, a SAR was implemented in a two-week study with four older adults in independent living facilities during the first lockdown. The robot proved to be promising in terms of companionship and alleviating feelings of loneliness and social isolation. The robot was also found to be both a motivating and facilitating presence towards meaningful activities. In regards to the robot’s technical aspects, interactivity and attractiveness appeared to be valuable features.
Caregivers’ use of robots and their effect on work environment – a scoping review
Published in Journal of Technology in Human Services, 2022
Marcus Persson, David Redmalm, Clara Iversen
A robot is normally defined as an actuated, programmable mechanism that is autonomous. This means that a robot can perform tasks on the basis of how it is programmed, without human intervention. There are many types of robots: surgical robots (assisting in surgical operations), pharmaceutical robots (for sorting drugs), service robots (for transporting or mobile issues), care robots (for companionship), socially assistive robots (SARs, for communicating and interacting), and others. Based on the aim of the review – examining the knowledge state on caregivers’ use of robots and their effect on work environment – some robots are more likely to be the object of study than others. The short and all-encompassing term “robots” is used throughout the review in order to refer to all kind of robots that are used by the caregivers to assist them in their work. Furthermore, we have only included articles that focused on the use of robotic devices in care practice with patients and no other technological devices, such as tablets, mobile phones and other telemedical devices. Nor have we included articles dealing with information and communication technology programs, digital platforms, and other kinds of software.