China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Robotics in Brachytherapy
Published in William Y. Song, Kari Tanderup, Bradley R. Pieters, Emerging Technologies in Brachytherapy, 2017
Tarun K. Podder, Aaron Fenster
The available workspace for the robotic system is quite limited while the patient is in the lithotomy position for transperineal prostate brachytherapy (Figure 12.1). Thus, most of the industrial robots may lose dexterity or encounter a singularity (lose a DOF) while working in such a severely constrained workspace (may be less than 120 mm in lateral direction) in OR. Moreover, the robotic system should not occupy too much space, so that the clinicians get enough space to reach or work with the patient. Successful clinical implementation of a robotic system critically depends upon the shape and size of the robot. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the robotic workspace in conjunction with available OR–patient workspace before designing or selecting any robotic system for brachytherapy.
Assistive Robotic Manipulators
Published in Pedro Encarnação, Albert M. Cook, Robotic Assistive Technologies, 2017
Another important difference between (most) industrial robots and (most) ARMs is the way they are controlled. Most industrial robots are set up at a fixed position and a given (structured) environment. Within this environment, the robot can perform its task. The robot, again in general, is following the instructions coming from a program, following the same sequences over and over again. For several ARMs, the location in space is changing continuously (e.g., mounted on a wheelchair), and the environment is, in general, unstructured. A wheelchair-mounted robot can be used one time as a feeder, making repetitive movements from the plate to the mouth, and the same robot is used to pick up a glass for drinking. Neither will the plate nor the glass ever be at the same spot. The shape of the glass might also change. Usually, the human is in the control loop, meaning that the user has control over at least some of the manipulator’s DOF (e.g., the user is able to move the manipulator end-effector in the Cartesian space with the help of a joystick that allows for up/down and left/right movements, although the actual joint angles are controlled by the robot to hold the end-effector orientation fixed).
Computational Neuroscience and Compartmental Modeling
Published in Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel
The following list is some of the artificial intelligence applications that can be named:ww AI in healthcare: The biggest bets are on improving patient outcomes and reducing costs. Companies are applying machine learning to make better and faster diagnoses than humans. One of the best-known healthcare technologies is IBM Watson. It understands natural language and is capable of responding to questions asked of it. The system mines patient data and other available data sources to form a hypothesis, which it then presents with a confidence-scoring schema. Other AI applications include chatbots, a computer program used online to answer questions and assist customers, to help schedule follow-up appointments or aiding patients through the billing process, and virtual health assistants that provide basic medical feedback.AI in business: Robotic process automation is being applied to highly repetitive tasks normally performed by humans. Machine learning algorithms are being integrated into analytics and CRM platforms to uncover information on how to better serve customers. Chatbots have been incorporated into websites to provide immediate service to customers. Automation of job positions has also become a talking point among academics and IT consultancies such as Gartner and Forrester.AI in education: AI can automate grading, giving educators more time. AI can assess students and adapt to their needs, helping them work at their own pace. AI tutors can provide additional support to students, ensuring they stay on track. AI could change where and how students learn, perhaps even replacing some teachers.AI in finance: AI applied to personal finance applications, such as Mint or Turbo Tax, is upending financial institutions. Applications such as these could collect personal data and provide financial advice. Other programs, IBM Watson being one, have been applied to the process of buying a home. Today, the software performs much of the trading on Wall Street.AI in law: The discovery process, sifting through of documents, in law is often overwhelming for humans. Automating this process is a better use of time and a more efficient process. Startups are also building question-and-answer computer assistants that can sift programmed-to-answer questions by examining the taxonomy and ontology associated with a database.AI in manufacturing: This is an area that has been at the forefront of incorporating robots into the workflow. Industrial robots used to perform single tasks and were separated from human workers, but as technology advanced that changed.
Micro and nanorobot-based drug delivery: an overview
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Muhammad Suhail, Arshad Khan, Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Abid Naeem, Muhammad Fahad, Syed Faisal Badshah, Abdul Jabar, Ashok Kumar Janakiraman
The robot systems have significantly improved human beings’ capabilities in detecting, interrelating, operating, and altering different systems worldwide. The convergence of various technologies has revolutionised different fields, especially robotic technologies for therapeutic purposes to enhance medical care [1]. Industrial robots were mainly established to mechanise predictable and hazardous macroscale developed liabilities, while the therapeutic robot devices are synthesised exclusively for the diagnostics and management of diseases. Hence, contrary to conventional (old) robots, which are fictional through massive mechanical systems, the therapeutic robots require decreased sections and insolent resources for complex and detailed procedures as well as improve reproducibility in the human body. Impressive progress has been made in medical robotics through technological advancements, such as combination in control theory, motors, constituents, and medical imaging, which can be observed from the rise in surgeon-patient acceptance [2]. Like, surgical robot systems (da Vinci system) permit conversion of surgeon’s hand action into minor, accurate actions of small devices inside the patient's body. Although robotic systems are prevalent for slightly invasive surgery, there are still leading mechanical problems and tasks [3].
Review of assistive technology in the training of children with autism spectrum disorders
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2022
Christine K. Syriopoulou-Delli, Eleni Gkiolnta
Robotics is a field of technology that encompasses designing, developing and studying robotic tools. It combines elements from other scientific fields, including computer technology, electronics and engineering. Robotic science has made a giant step forward and has yielded many benefits in global industry, medical science and personal care. Robots can be described as automatic machines that incorporate programmed behavior, used for replacing the human component to complete a specific task. Robots can be categorized based on their form and capabilities in four categories (Amran et al.2018), which are:Humanoid robots or androids, which come in a form that is similar to that of a human. A good example is “Nao” produced by Aldebaran Robotics.Industrial robots, which complete tasks and execute commands automatically and without human intervention.Telerobots, which refers to a specific type of semi-autonomous robots that are used for telecommunications.Autonomous robots, which are designed with a built-in artificial intelligence (AI) system, to complete tasks and to act without receiving commands from humans
Care robot research and development plan for disability and aged care in Korea: A mixed-methods user participation study
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Myung-Joon Lim, Won-Kyung Song, Hyosun Kweon, Eun-Rae Ro
Types of robots may be categorized in terms of industrial robots versus service robots versus personal robots, and this classification of robots is dependent on the amount of human interaction the robot will have and the predictability or structuring of the environment within which the robot is working (Van Wynsberghe, 2013). According to these categories, care robots in this study can be categorized in service robots that are meant to act in human environments with varying degrees of human contact and interaction (Van Wynsberghe, 2013). Another study suggested that affective therapy, cognitive training, social facilitation, companionship, and physiological therapy are the most problematic for older adults (Abdi et al., 2018), However, nine care robots in our study focused on physical care activities and excluded affective therapy, cognitive training, and physiological therapy. The nine care robot categories proposed in this study are mainly due to the fact that the space used mainly starts from care facilities and expands to homes and hospitals, and the physical care burden of the caregiver is considered more. Bedaf et al. conducted a literature review and classified care robots under four categories: mobility, self-care, interpersonal interaction, and other robots (Bedaf et al., 2015). Comparing with the nine categories defined in this study, mobility included lifting, changing body position on the bed, and moving. Self- care domain included feeding, toileting, bathing, and exercising and interpersonal interaction included communication. Other robot area could include smart monitoring/coaching. It is meaningful to further subdivide the four areas defined in the study of Bedaf et al. The nine care robot categories can be compared to the Japanese care robot project. Japanese care robots are classified into six categories: transfer, mobility, toileting, monitoring/communication, bathing, and care services support (AMED, 2019). However, if we take a closer look, there are some differences in the classification of care robots in Japan and Korea. In Japan, care robots are being developed that help older adults with disabilities to do mobility, toileting, and bathing on their own. On the other hand, the focus is mainly on developing robots that help caregivers perform caring actions for caregivers in Korea. Also, the target population of care robots in Korea include people with severe disabilities, so care robot categories include changing body position on the bed, feeding, exercising, and communication.