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Alternative drug combination to treat chronic myeloid leukemia resistance in developing countries
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
A.F. Sumantri, A. Oehadian, M.H. Bashari
Resauzin is the active ingredient of Alamar Blue’s reagent, a non-toxic permeable cell compound that is blue and almost non-fluorescent. When entering cells, resazurin is reduced to resorufin, which is a red compound and highly fluorescent. Proper cells continuously convert resazurin to resorufin, increasing the overall fluorescence and cell color around the media (Rampersad 2012).
Anti-microbial and Anti-oxidant Properties of Solvent Extract of Lichen Species Collected from Kodaikanal Hills, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
R. Kalidoss, M. Mariraj, M. Shenbagam, J. Merlin Seles, K. Arun Prasath, N. Rajaprabu, P. Ponmurugan
The MIC values of the lichen extract against a selected pathogen showed the concentration ranges between 2000 and 250 μg/mL. The results are presented in Table 8.2. The greater the microbial load, the faster the disappearance of resazurin color was observed. The purple color indicated the inhibitory activity of the lichen compound (Figure 8.4). The lichen extract of Parmotrema austrosinense showed significant activity against all tested pathogens.
Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances suppress the neutrophil respiratory burst
Published in Journal of Immunotoxicology, 2023
Drake W. Phelps, Anika I. Palekar, Haleigh E. Conley, Giuliano Ferrero, Jacob H. Driggers, Keith E. Linder, Seth W. Kullman, David M. Reif, M. Katie Sheats, Jamie C. DeWitt, Jeffrey A. Yoder
The present study then sought to recapitulate these findings in a human neutrophil-like cell line. Using nHL-60 cells, range-finding cytotoxicity testing was undertaken to mirror the in vivo approaches. Initial cytotoxicity experiments revealed that none of the PFASs were cytotoxic (up to 80 μM; Supplemental Figure S(8)), an outcome consistent with previous literature, albeit those reports examined other cell types (Rosenmai et al. 2016; Williams et al. 2017; Behr et al. 2018; Bangma et al. 2020; Behr et al. 2020; Jabeen et al. 2020; Williams et al. 2021). To our knowledge, however, this laboratory is the first to report that specific long-chain PFASs directly interact with the PrestoBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Initially, it was hypothesized that this was a proliferative phenotype, given that others have reported that multiple PFASs can induce cell proliferation in various cell types (Pierozan et al. 2018; Pierozan and Karlsson 2018; Jabeen et al. 2020; Williams et al. 2021). However, upon incubating PFOA with PrestoBlue in the absence of cells, an increase in fluorescence was noted that was interpreted as a reaction of the two compounds (Supplemental Figure S(9)). The chemistry underlying this reaction is currently unknown; thus, investigators in the field at-large are cautioned to avoid using PrestoBlue (or other resazurin-based cytotoxicity reagents) in combination with PFAS exposure unless the cells are washed prior to the addition of PrestoBlue.
Neuromodulatory and neurotoxic effects of e-cigarette vapor using a realistic exposure method
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2023
Yvonne C. M. Staal, Yixuan Li, Lora-Sophie Gerber, Paul Fokkens, Hans Cremers, Flemming R. Cassee, Reinskje Talhout, Remco H. S. Westerink, Harm J. Heusinkveld
Cell viability of A549 cells was measured using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Culture medium was collected for LDH measurement on submerged culture day 7, and ALI culture day 1. All inserts were measured in triplicate. The LDH-response of cells exposed to e-liquids with nicotine or/and flavorings and tobacco was compared with the LDH-response from cells exposed to clean air. To exclude that changes in spontaneous electrical activity in the MEA were confounded by changes in the viability of the cortical cultures, viability was measured using an alamarBlue assay as described earlier (Heusinkveld and Westerink 2017). This assay is based on the ability of the cells to reduce resazurin to resorufin. Briefly, following the final recording of electrical activity at 48-hour exposure, cells were incubated for 30 min with 12,5 μM aB and 4 μM CFDA-AM in pre-warmed PBS. Resorufin was measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm excitation- and 590 nm emission wavelength (Infinite M200 microplate; Tecan Trading AG, Männedorf, Switzerland).
Formulation and characterization studies of inclusion complexes of voriconazole for possible ocular application
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Ebru Başaran, Kadir Aykaç, Evrim Yenilmez, Gülay Büyükköroğlu, Yağmur Tunali, Müzeyyen Demirel
The antifungal activity of the formulations was evaluated with the CLSI M27-A2 protocol (CLSI 2008). All of the formulations and standard antibiotics (VOR and Ketoconazole (KET)) were dissolved in DMSO within the concentration of 4000–0.0152 µg mL−1 100 µL of formulations, standard antibiotics and gel formulations were transferred to the 96 – well plates. Fresh C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. krusei (ATCC 6258), C. glabrata (ATCC 90030) and C. parapsilopsis (ATCC 22019) cultures were adjusted to 1 × 106 cfu mL−1 by McFarland 0.5 standard in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth and inoculated at the concentrations of 100 µL. Positive (KET) and negative control groups were used as references. At the end of this step, all plates were incubated for 24 h at 35 °C. After the incubation period, resazurin was added to the plates at the concentration of 20 µL. The plates were observed and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated as the lowest concentration that inhibits microbial growth. The experiments were carried out in 3 replicates.