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Conventional Pressure Sensors
Published in J G Webster, Prevention of Pressure Sores, 2019
Pax et al (1989) used Interlink sensors to measure palmar pressures. They coated 32-gage stranded wires with silicone rubber to provide strength and flexibility, then attached them with silver paint. They encapsulated the sensor in RTV silicone rubber to provide strain relief for the connections and a more uniform pressure distribution. The RTV layer was then sandwiched between two thin sheets of silicone elastomer. The package had an overall thickness of 2 mm. They explored several methods, but found that a plain sensor responded more repeatably and over a larger area than sensors with a single backing plate or both a top plate and a backing plate. However, in their application the sensor was always applied against a smooth, hard surface, so it was not subject to flexing during measurements.
Surface modifying amphiphilic additives and their effect on the fouling-release performance of siloxane-polyurethane coatings
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Jackson Benda, Shane Stafslien, Lyndsi Vanderwal, John A. Finlay, Anthony S. Clare, Dean C. Webster
The Grunlan research group has successfully synthesized surface modifying additives (SMAs) consisting of poly(ethylene) oxide (PEO) and oligomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) (ODMS). The non-reactive SMAs varied in ODMS length, length of the PEO chain, and whether the SMAs were di- or triblock copolymers (Rufin et al. 2017). Small amounts of the additives were blended with an RTV silicone elastomer. It was hypothesized that the SMAs would migrate to the air/solution interface with the hydrophilic PEO groups extending and presenting a protein resistant surface (Rufin et al. 2017). Water contact angle measurements showed rapid surface restructuring due to a reduction in contact angle within 5min to values <40°, pointing to a highly hydrophilic surface. Additionally, human fibrinogen (HF) adsorption assays showed very little adsorption in comparison to an unmodified silicone elastomer, suggesting that a highly protein-resistant surface was achieved through amphiphilic non-reactive SMAs (Rufin et al. 2017). Several other approaches to incorporating PDMS- and PEG-based copolymer additives for biofouling applications have been reported (Sundaram et al. 2011; Noguer et al. 2017; Patterson et al. 2017; Tanoue et al. 2017). In addition, several commercial FR coatings systems are reported to incorporate surface-modifying additives (International Intersleek 1100SR Product Page 2019; Olsen and Yebra 2017, 2020; Thorlaksen et al. 2017).
Mitigation of the corrosion-causing Desulfovibrio desulfuricans biofilm using an organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt in alkaline media simulated concrete pore solutions
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim, Jie Wei, Junhua Dong, Dake Xu, Nan Chen, Xin Wei, Mingzhong Su, Wei Ke
The steel (working electrode) used in this study was 20SiMn steel with the elemental composition (wt%) 0.21 C, 0.5 Si, 1.43 Mn, 0.022 P, 0.028 S and balance Fe. It is a low alloy steel generally used in reinforced concrete structures (Cao et al. 2015). The sample size was 1 cm × 1 cm × 0.5 cm with an exposed surface area of 1 cm2. The samples were sealed in epoxy and encapsulated with 704 RTV silicone to achieve the surface area of 1 cm2. All samples for the experiments were prepared with a freshly ground surface. The samples prior to usage were abraded with a series of grit papers in the order of 240, 400, 600, 800, 1,000 and 2,000, cleaned with sterile distilled water, and subsequently rinsed with acetone and alcohol and then dried using high-purity nitrogen gas (99.999% purity, v v–1). All samples were sterilized in ultraviolet radiation for 30 min.
Antifouling amphiphilic silicone coatings for dairy fouling mitigation on stainless steel
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Sawsen Zouaghi, Mikayla E. Barry, Séverine Bellayer, Joël Lyskawa, Christophe André, Guillaume Delaplace, Melissa A. Grunlan, Maude Jimenez
In this work, the authors sought to evaluate the antifouling performance of an amphiphilic silicone coating applied to SS that was then subjected to industrial pasteurization processes as well as exposure to foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The silicone coating formulation consisted of an RTV silicone modified with a PEO-silane amphiphile [(EtO)3Si-(CH2)2-oligodimethylsiloxane13-block-(OCH2CH2)8-OCH3]. In order to improve the adhesion of this PEO-modified silicone coating to the SS, several different surface pretreatments were first performed (plasma activation, polydopamine doping and priming) and the impact on coating adhesion and surface properties evaluated. The ability of the coating to resist dairy fouling was investigated with a pilot pasteurizer containing a model dairy fluid for both isothermal and in situ pasteurization conditions. Its durability against a standard clean-in-place process following pasteurization was also evaluated. Lastly, the resistance of the coating to common foodborne pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica, was examined.