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Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Engineering plastics like polyetheretherketone is of excellent and notable properties compared to some of the special engineering plastics. There are remarkable advantages like it can take up heat, superior mechanical property, self-lubricating, corrosion-resistant, fire-resistant, irradiation resistant, higher insurability, hydrolytic resistant, and very easily processable. The applications include aerospace, automobile, electronic, electric, medical, and food industry.
Biological behavior of titanium, zirconia or PEEK dental implant-abutments
Published in J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, João Manuel, R.S. Tavares, Biodental Engineering V, 2019
M.B. Sordi, S.N.D. Sarwer-Foner, F.H. Schünemann, K. Apaza-Bedoya, G.M.P. Juanito, B. Henriques, B. Henriques, R.S. Magini, C.A.M. Benfatti
The literature shows that titanium (Ti) is the most widely used material for implant-abutments, then has become the “gold-standard” in oral implantology due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility (Gómez-Florit et al. 2014). For a long time and even actually, metallic abutments were considered the best option for customized prosthetic solutions. However, the grey color might impair the esthetics. Hence, different materials that are pure white in color should adequately simulate the color of natural teeth (Linkevicius et al. 2015). In the last decades, zirconia (Zr) has emerged in the prosthetic field as a promising esthetic biomaterial with mechanical properties similar or ever higher when compared to titanium. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a polymer that has been extensively studied in biomedicine for implantation of lost tissues, specifically bone. PEEK is not yet used as prosthetic abutments, despite of being applied for dental implants, provisional prostheses, healing abutments or impressing transfers. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to explore the existing literature of biological behaviors of different abutment materials, specifically titanium, zirconia, and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) (Figure 1).
Computer-assisted reconstruction of the facial skeleton
Published in John Dudley Langdon, Mohan Francis Patel, Robert Andrew Ord, Peter Brennan, Operative Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
Frank Wilde, Alexander Schramm
Secondary reconstructions are extremely challenging for surgeons because of the presence of soft-tissue atrophy and scarring. The complex anatomy of the orbit and the peri-orbital region often complicate functional and aesthetic reconstruction with autologous bone. Reconstruction using alloplastic materials (preferably titanium) is much easier since these materials can be combined with autologous bone grafts (e.g. calvarial bone) or vascularized soft-tissue or bone flaps. Computer- assisted simulation and planning (Figure 31.13a through 13c) allows bone reconstructions to be virtually planned in detail before surgery and to be exported as an STL data set (iPlan CMF 3.0, BrainLAB®, Feldkirchen, Germany). A patient-specific 3D plastic model can then be printed on the basis of the STL data set (Figure 31.13d) and patient-specific reconstruction can be prepared using standard implants and standard mesh structures (Figure 31.13e). Alternatively or additionally, such patient-specific implants can also be manufactured industrially using polyether ether ketone (PEEK), ceramics or titanium (Figure 31.13f). These pre-operatively manufactured implants are placed intra-operatively using a pointer- based navigation system (Figure 31.13g). 3D imaging allows the position of an implant to be verified during surgery (Figure 31.13h) and after surgery (Figure 31.13i).
Device profile of the FlareHawk interbody fusion system, an endplate-conforming multi-planar expandable lumbar interbody fusion cage
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Peter B. Derman, Rachelle Yusufbekov, Brian Braaksma
Interbody fusion devices vary not only in geometry but also in composition. The various materials have different intrinsic properties with implications on device performance. The modulus of elasticity is a measure of the stiffness of a material. If the stiffness of the device exceeds that of the surrounding bone, there is a higher risk of subsidence and its associated complications [6]. Historically interbody devices have been manufactured from titanium or polyetheretherketone (PEEK). The modulus of elasticity of PEEK more closely matches that of bone than that of solid titanium [7]. PEEK also features superior imaging characteristics on post-operative imaging, allowing for improved assessment of fusion compared to traditional titanium. However, roughened titanium has been shown to exhibit mechanical and biological advantages over smooth surfaces [8]. While many devices are made of a single material, some devices combine multiple materials (e.g. PEEK and titanium) in an effort to exploit positive attributes of each.
Study and numerical analysis of Von Mises stress of a new tumor-type distal femoral prosthesis comprising a peek composite reinforced with carbon fibers: finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF-PEEK) has been successfully applied in orthopedics due to its superior abrasion resistance compared to ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) (Giurea et al. 2014), its excellent light transmission (Uri et al. 2020), and the fact that implants composed of CF-PEEK are lighter than those based on metal materials (Koh et al. 2019). These advantages render CF-PEEK a promising orthopedic implant material. Moreover, its elastic modulus is relatively compatible with that of human bones, which can effectively avoid the ‘stress shielding’ effect, thereby avoiding secondary fractures, bone loss, and osteolysis (Bryan et al. 1996; Golish and Mihalko 2011; Nakahara et al. 2013; Li et al. 2015). Excellent light transmission properties are also extremely important in orthopedics, especially in the field of bone oncology. By eliminating the interference of metal artifacts, this property can help doctors detect and identify early tumor recurrence, and orthopedic surgeons can determine the appropriate radiotherapy dose more accurately after resolving the issue of ray refraction. Radiation damage to surrounding tissues can also be avoided. Moreover, the emergence of macromolecular implant materials also provides a good alternative to solve the issues related to metal ion release during the wear process of metal prostheses (Scholes and Unsworth 2007).
The influence of framework material on stress distribution in maxillary complete-arch fixed prostheses supported by four dental implants: a three-dimensional finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Suleyman Cagatay Dayan, Onur Geckili
More recently, two biocompatible high-performance polymers as Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) that are used in the orthopaedic applications (Kurtz and Devine 2007) have been introduced to the dental market for use in the fabrication of frameworks (Han et al. 2016; Lee et al. 2017; Malo et al. 2018; Al-Rabab'ah et al. 2019). PEEK and PEKK are organic, thermoplastic, high-performance polymers and the weight, strength, and other chemical and physical characteristic of these materials have been reported to be alike to those of human bone (Han et al. 2016; Alsadon et al. 2019; Al-Rabab'ah et al. 2019). There are some differences between PEEK and PEKK; PEKK has more ketone groups and it increases thermostability and provides more options for surface chemical modification and shows better physical and mechanical properties than PEEK (Guo and McGrath 2012; Kewekordes et al. 2018).