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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles as Potential Viral and Antiviral Agents
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Deepthi Panoth, Sindhu Thalappan Manikkoth, Fabeena Jahan, Kunnambeth Madam Thulasi, Anjali Paravannoor, Baiju Kizhakkekilikoodayil Vijayan
In recent decades, researchers have gained interest in studying mainly metal nanoparticles, including gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, etc. and also metal-oxide nanoparticles, which resulted in the advancement of the biomedical field. Metal nanoparticles were found to exhibit great bioactivity comprising antibacterial, antiviral, and antibiotic effect (Khandel et al. 2018). This chapter pays most attention to the synthesis and characterization of these metal nanoparticles that can act as potential antiviral agents.
Green-Synthesized Nanoparticles as Potential Sensors for Health Hazardous Compounds
Published in Richard L. K. Glover, Daniel Nyanganyura, Rofhiwa Bridget Mulaudzi, Maluta Steven Mufamadi, Green Synthesis in Nanomedicine and Human Health, 2021
Rachel Fanelwa Ajayi, Sphamandla Nqunqa, Yonela Mgwili, Siphokazi Tshoko, Nokwanda Ngema, Germana Lyimo, Tessia Rakgotho, Ndzumbululo Ndou, Razia Adam
Another set of green method of synthesizing nanoparticles which continue to gain interest towards the detection of hazardous compounds is platinum nanoparticles. Platinum metals are known to be resistant to chemical outbreaks and corrosion and it possesses a high melting point and surface area. It is a resourceful catalytic agent in hydrogen storage, in direct methanol fuel cells and in the reduction of automobile pollution among others. On the other hand, various methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (PtNPs) such as chemical precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, sol process, sol–gel route and vapour deposition which unfortunately all come with restrictions such as high energy requirements, multistep processes and non-safety. Plant-mediated synthesis methods for the synthesis of PtNPs are the solution to remedy these issues since they are eco-friendly, low cost and simple. Thus far, very few reports are available for the synthesis of PtNPs using plant extracts (Jia et al., 2009; Nasrollahzadeh et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2014) and their use in the detection of hazardous compounds such as hydrazine and nitrobenzene.
Platelet activation by charged ligands and nanoparticles: platelet glycoprotein receptors as pattern recognition receptors
Published in Platelets, 2021
Samantha J. Montague, Pushpa Patel, Eleyna M. Martin, Alexandre Slater, Lourdes Garcia Quintanilla, Gina Perrella, Caroline Kardeby, Magdolna Nagy, Diego Mezzano, Paula M. Mendes, Steve P. Watson
Metallic nanoparticles, including gold, iron and platinum, have been investigated in biomedical applications both in vitro and in vivo.5–8 Gold nanoparticles of varying size under 100 nm have been used for drug delivery, especially for tumor targeting.9 Gold nanoparticle conjugation to methotrexate (giving ~14 nm nanoparticles) induces cytotoxicity of tumor cells in vitro.10 Surface area and charge are important factors for gold nanoparticle function and cellular uptake for tumor targeting. Gold nanoparticles (13 nm) also have biosensor utilities and can measure thrombin generation through conjugation to thrombin-binding aptamers.11 Magnetite, an iron-nanoparticle derivative, entrapped with thrombin has been proposed as a novel hemostatic agent. The iron-based nanoparticles can be guided to areas of bleeding by a magnetic field and coagulation is accelerated through fibrinogen injection, shortening hemostasis time by a factor of 6.5.12 Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are utilized as MRI contrast agents for visualizing liver/spleen tumors and atherosclerotic plaques.13,14 Platinum nanoparticles have applications in glucose biosensing,15,16 bioimaging of tumor cells17 and in mimicking natural enzymes in therapies for oxidative stress.18
Targeted drug therapy in nonsmall cell lung cancer: clinical significance and possible solutions-part II (role of nanocarriers)
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Khushwant S. Yadav, Archana Upadhya, Ambikanandan Misra
A cluster nanoparticle formulation was proposed for codelivery of platinum (Pt) and gemcitabine (GEM) using ultrasmall platinum nanoparticles (USPtNs) for preferential killing of NSCLC cells [71]. To obtain multidrug release for NSCLC targeted therapy, this stimuli-responsive material used the disulfide-bond for grafting the drugs to copolymers (PEG-b-P(LL-g-GEM). The formulation preferentially released Pt ions in the acidic lysosomes (to avoid degradation) and GEM in cytoplasmic reduction environment.
Doxorubicin-loaded graphene oxide nanocomposites in cancer medicine: stimuli-responsive carriers, co-delivery and suppressing resistance
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Milad Ashrafizadeh, Hamidreza Saebfar, Mohammad Hossein Gholami, Kiavash Hushmandi, Amirhossein Zabolian, Pooria Bikarannejad, Mehrdad Hashemi, Salman Daneshi, Sepideh Mirzaei, Esmaeel Sharifi, Alan Prem Kumar, Haroon Khan, Hamid Heydari Sheikh Hossein, Massoud Vosough, Navid Rabiee, Vijay Kumar Thakur, Pooyan Makvandi, Yogendra Kumar Mishra, Franklin R. Tay, Yuzhuo Wang, Ali Zarrabi, Gorka Orive, Ebrahim Mostafavi
Nanotechnology appears to be a viable option for the reversal of DOX resistance. Experiments have confirmed role of nanocarriers in improving DOX<apos;>s anti-cancer activity and preventing its resistance. The anti-cancer activity of DOX may be further augmented by co-delivery of DOX with other anti-cancer agents [64]. A recent experiment has developed PEGylated platinum nanostructures for DOX delivery in melanoma suppression. These nanoparticles promote the cytotoxicity of DOX and can trigger apoptosis in vitro. The overexpression of p53 and down-regulation of SOX2 are responsible for enhanced cytotoxicity of DOX against melanoma cells. The in vivo experiment revealed that intraperitoneal administration of DOX-loaded platinum nanoparticles effectively suppresses tumor growth [65]. Smart nanoparticles such as pH-responsive nanocarriers can promote selectivity toward cancer cells and enhance the anti-cancer activity of DOX [66]. It is important to note that nanocarrier delivery systems can combine chemotherapy, gene therapy, and photodynamic therapy with improving treatment of cancers [67,68]. Polymeric nanoparticles [69,70], liposomes [71,72], micelles [63], hydrogels [73] and chitosan nanoarchitectures [74] have been developed for DOX delivery. DOX is frequently employed for cancer treatment among the various kinds of chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, there is more chance of resistance development than other types of anti-cancer drugs. On the other hand, carbon-based nanomaterials have received much attention in cancer therapy, and GO as a member of them is extensively employed for drug delivery. Since there is no specific and detailed review about DOX delivery by GO nanomaterials, we allotted this article to further examine it. In addition to delivery, GO nanomaterials can provide phototherapy to improve the anti-cancer activity of DOX. Furthermore, GO can provide bioimaging and tracking of DOX delivery in tumor cells that are discussed in this review article.