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Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Toxicity — Can cause contact dermatitis.6 Classified by the FDA62 as an Herb of Undefined Safety. The oral minimum lethal dose for the cat and rabbit is circa 20 m€/kg of herbal infusion, intravenous circa 2 ml.
Pufferfish Poisoning
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Biology and Ecology of Toxic Pufferfish, 2017
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) poisoning results normally from the ingestion of the flesh or viscera of certain species of pufferfish. TTX is about 10,000 times more lethal than cyanide by weight and 50 times more potent than strychnine or curare. The minimum lethal dose of TTX to human is estimated to be 2 to 3 mg and the minimum dose that necessary to cause symptoms is about 0.2 mg; but this may vary depending on the age and health of the person, and therefore does not apply in all cases. Further, the concentrations of TTX differ among different pufferfish species and it is very hard to determine one standard dose.
Forensic and Clinical Usage of X-rays in Body Packing
Published in Michael J. Thali M.D., Mark D. Viner, B. G. Brogdon, Brogdon's Forensic Radiology, 2010
Patricia M. Flach, Steffen G. Ross, Michael J. Thali
Heroin overdose produces depression of the central ner-vous and respiratory system, and treatment for symptomatic body packers is naloxone as an antidote to reverse the effects of the drug. As a common side effect of naloxone, noncar- diogenic pulmonary edema has been described.14 About 50-250 mg of intravenously administered street heroin is a common dose, with a potency of 5-10%.15 The minimum lethal dose is 200 mg, but users can tolerate a much higher dose and still survive.
In vivo antitumor effects of carboxymethyl chitosan-conjugated triptolide after oral administration
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Huahui Zeng, Xin Zhu, Qikang Tian, Yinyin Yan, Lan Zhang, Min Yan, Ruiqin Li, Xiaofang Li, Guoqiang Wang, Jinlian Ma, Yufang Su, Xiangbo Zhang, Linyu Ma, Zhenqiang Zhang, Xiangxiang Wu
In vivo toxicities of TP and CCTP were compared by using normal BALB/c mice that were evaluated by monitoring body weight change and hematological toxicity (Figure 5). Previous experiments showed that the minimum lethal dose of mice was about 0.5 mg TP/kg. Here, a safe dose of free TP of 0.2 mg/kg was adopted for mice in toxicity assay. There was no difference in body weight between CCTP and control group, whereas TP group showed diminution of body weight of about 30.3% during oral administration period (Figure 5). In addition, TP group showed severe hematological toxicity in terms of a decrease in the number of neutrophil over 45%. In contrast, CCTP group exhibited a slight decrease of red blood cells, white blood cells and neutrophil (Table 1). We speculate that the significant toxicity attenuation should be attributed to the gradual or sustained release of TP from CCTP conjugate into blood stream after oral administration.
Evidence for the efficacy of the emetic PP796 in paraquat SL20 formulations – a narrative review of published and unpublished evidence
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
As a result of these data, a dose of 5 mg PP796 (equivalent to 0.071 mg/kg in a 70 kg adult, 0.167 mg/kg in a 30 kg child) in a minimal lethal dose (10 mL of 20% paraquat) was selected as the appropriate dose for formulation with the stated expectation that “the majority of those ingesting 10 mL of this formulation will vomit within an hour” [16,38]. The scientist who authored the report stated that this dose would produce vomiting within one hour for the majority [38], or 15 min for 75–85% [39], of those ingesting a minimum lethal dose. No data to support these statements was presented. Syngenta reanalysed the human data in 2019 and concluded that a dose-response relationship could not be established [57].
Bioactive (+)-Catechin-3ꞌ-O-rhamnopyranoside from Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance (Chrysobalanaceae)
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2019
Yusuf A. J., Abdullahi M. I., Musa A. M., Haruna A. K., Mzozoyana V., Abubakar H.
The minimum lethal dose (LD99) of the venom estimated by probit was 5.75 mg/kg. Compound 1 has demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) antivenom activity against N. nigricollis venom in mice. Maximum protection (100%) against venom-induced lethality was observed at the lowest dose (1 mg/kg) compared to the control group; 40% and 20% survival rate was recorded at 5 and 10 mg/kg of compound 1, respectively (Table 3).