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Medical-Aesthetic Treatments in the Survivor Patient
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Treatment should commence with a cosmetic approach using sebum regulators, retinoids, and adequate skin hygiene, continuing with treatments of the following: Superficial chemical peels (starting with the least irritating, such as azelaic acid and salicylic acid)Phototherapy with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an anti-inflammatory effect (used for patients to prevent dermatitis induced by radiation in breast cancer) [15]Intense pulsed light (has a bactericide effect, besides reducing red spots and improving skin texture and tone) [7]
Ecology
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
The UV light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs), were recommended to be used for disinfection purposes by Hamamoto et al. (2007) and Vilhunen et al. (2009). Since UV-LEDs do not contain toxic mercury, offer design flexibility due to their small size, and have a longer operational life than mercury lamps, they would be advantageous for the UV inactivation techniques. For a comparative inactivation of the phage MS2 and other bacterial and viral indicators, UV-LEDs were tested for the first time by Bowker et al. (2011). By inactivation of the RNA phages MS2 and Qβ using UV-LEDs operated at 255 and 280 nm, the latter was found more suitable for the practical disinfection of water, even though the inactivation efficiency of 280 nm was lower than that of 255 nm (Aoyagi et al. 2011). The UV-LED that produced the UV-A light with peak wavelength at 365 nm killed the phage MS2 and Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst which were, however, 7.7–7.8 times more resistant than MS2 (Hashimoto et al. 2013). A numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of a continuous-flow UV-LED water disinfection process was based on the inactivation data of the phages MS2 and Qβ and created a basis for the design of alternative point-of-use drinking water disinfection reactors in developing countries using UV-LEDs (Jenny et al. 2014). Furthermore, heuristic optimization of a continuous-flow point-of-use UV-LED disinfection reactor was elaborated by use of computational fluid dynamics, where the phage Qβ appeared as an experimental model (Jenny et al. 2015).
Conventional Pressure Sensors
Published in J G Webster, Prevention of Pressure Sores, 2019
In an array of sensors, the advantages of using fiberoptics to transmit the signals stand out. Since fibers may be as small as 50 μm, spatial sensitivity can be very high if the sensor itself can be kept small. Fibers lend themselves to multiplexing techniques, reducing the number of signal-conditioning circuits necessary for an array of sensors. Fragility of fibers is a problem that must be considered, especially if they are to be placed in compliant mat materials. Also, coupling light into small fibers is a complicated task which may require expensive laser diodes or lens systems. Because of their low cost and ease of use, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) should be used whenever possible. For interfacing applications larger diameter fibers (1000 μm) would satisfy the spatial sensitivity requirements, and the optical coupling can be much less complex. We will explore some of the potential types of optoelectronic pressure sensing systems.
Pharmacotherapeutic combinations for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Tomoyuki Nagata, Shunichiro Shinagawa, Shinichiro Nakajima, Yoshihiro Noda, Masaru Mimura
The GENUS clinical trial uses the Cognito’s GammaSense Stimulation device, which is a noninvasive brain stimulation method of delivering sensory stimuli in the gamma frequency band to the brain [21]. In addition, flashing light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at 40 Hz for one hour enhances neurophysiological functioning of the visual cortex (V1), prefrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, and hippocampal cortex, as well as the synchronization of the V1 with other brain regions [21]. Furthermore, the combination of LED light and sound at 40 Hz may reinforce gamma oscillations from the visual cortex and auditory cortex to the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex [21]. Using a mouse model of AD, the GENUS improved the performance of mice in the Morris water maze test by contributing to a reduction in the amyloid plaque load, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), neuroinflammatory gene expression, and microgliosis, while simultaneously maintaining neurogenesis [28,29]. However, the same results were not replicated in human studies: 40 Hz light therapy was administered to patients with AD for 2 hours per day, and the amyloid load on day 10 was measured using 11 C-Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET), but a decrease in the standardized uptake value ratio was not observed [30].
Effects of thermal therapy combined with blue light‐emitting diode irradiation on trimellitic anhydride-induced acute contact hypersensitivity mouse model
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Chun Hua Piao, Yan Jing Fan, Thi Van Nguyen, Chang Ho Song, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, Ok Hee Chai
Laser therapy is known to stimulate biological effects, such as elimination of pain and inflammatory modulation through photophysical and biochemical processes (11). To date, light emitting diodes (LEDs), which are small, robust devices that serve as a preferred light source for phototherapy, have been used to treat dermatitis (12). LED phototherapy may represent a cost-effective, efficacious, safe, and comfortable treatment modality for psoriasis (13). LED phototherapy has been shown to improve wound healing, tissue regeneration, and reduce acute inflammation (13). Thermal therapy is the application of heat or cold to change the cutaneous, intra-articular or core temperature of the soft tissue. Nowadays, thermal therapy has considerably improved, and has been used widely in the treatment of various medical conditions.
Meta-analysis of photobiomodulation for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Use of laser diodes and light emitting diodes (LEDs) is currently under trial for treatment of both male and female patients. Most devices employ lasers at or near 655 nm. Some devices also combine LEDs at a similar wavelength in addition to lasers while others utilize a second wavelength, still in the red/infrared spectrum. Further differences between devices include the style, with some described as having a hat, hood, helmet or dome shape that patients can wear or sit under. In contrast, there is also a comb style. One of the proposed benefits of the laser comb device is an increased proximity to the scalp which is thought to lead to increased intensity. The second is the comb’s ability to part the hair, thus better ensuring laser/light reaching the scalp despite longer, thicker, or darker hair.