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Nerve Agent–Induced Seizures and Status Epilepticus: Neuroprotective Strategies
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
Frederic Doreu, Karine Thibault, Nina Dupuis
Tests commonly used in the evaluation of SRBD and neuroprotective studies in rodents are memory tests, including open mazes (Morris water maze, T- [or Y-]maze, and radial arm maze) (Filliat et al., 2007) and the novel object reconnaissance task (Rojas et al., 2016). The elevated mazes (plus- and O-maze) (Coubard et al., 2008; Phillips and Deshpande, 2016), the forced swim test (Phillips and Deshpande, 2016), the tail suspension test, the light-dark box test (Coubard et al., 2008), and the open field test are frequently employed to test anxiety induced by OP intoxication in rodents. Anhedonia, present in affective disorders including depression, can be assessed in mice using the sucrose consumption test (or sucrose preference test) (Boulle et al., 2014; Phillips and Deshpande, 2016).
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) processes in acute and chronic anxiety
Published in Philip N. Murphy, The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology, 2018
Paula S. M. Yamashita, James E. Hassell, Christopher A. Lowry
In the LS, CRFR2 is the predominant CRF receptor expressed, and there is no clear evidence of a role of CRFR1 within this area. An anxiogenic role for LS-CRFR2 has been reported under high stress conditions (Bakshi et al., 2002; Henry et al., 2006). For example, no consistent effects were observed in the light–dark box test after intra-LS UCN2 and handling sessions, but this treatment significantly increased anxiety-like behavior of mice in the light–dark box after 30 minutes of immobilization (Henry et al., 2006).
Anhedonia induced by high-fat diet in mice depends on gut microbiota and leptin
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Ahmed M. Hassan, Giulia Mancano, Karl Kashofer, Gerhard Liebisch, Aitak Farzi, Geraldine Zenz, Sandrine P. Claus, Peter Holzer
After the 4-week feeding period animals were subjected to a sequence of behavioral tests (one test per day) which were performed during the light cycle. The order of behavioral tests is described in supplementary figure S1. The behavioral tests included the open field (OF) test, elevated plus maze (EPM) test and light–dark box test to assess anxiety-like behavior [22]. After these tests mice were individually housed for the sucrose preference test (SPT) to measure the hedonic effect of sucrose [9,23]. The SPT took two days: the first day was used as training day, while the second day was the test day. No antibiotics were added to the drinking water during the training day and the test day whereas ABT was continued during all other behavioral tests. Single housing of male mice can influence several aspects of behavior, but has no effect on SPT after 7, 14, and 21 days [24]. Two days after the SPT, the splash test was performed to measure self-care and motivational behavior [25]. The mice were sacrificed on the next day before tissue collection. Details of the behavioral tests and tissue collection procedures are described in supplementary information.
Lack of social touch alters anxiety-like and social behaviors in male mice
Published in Stress, 2022
Yu-Kai Ma, Pei-Yun Zeng, Yu-Hsin Chu, Chih-Lin Lee, Ching-Chuan Cheng, Chen-Hung Chen, Yu-Shan Su, Kai-Ti Lin, Tsung-Han Kuo
The levels of anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated by the open field test and the light-dark box test (Seibenhener & Wooten, 2015; Takao & Miyakawa, 2006) (Figure 3(A)). First, the open field test showed that there was a significant decrease in activity in single-housed mice but no difference between pair-housed and split-housed animals (W(2,23.2) = 7.028, p = 0.0041; Figure 3(B)). Surprisingly, although there was no difference between pair- and single-housed animals, split-housed mice spent significantly less time in the center of the arena than pair-housed or single-housed mice (W(2,22.9) = 6.078, p = 0.0076; Figure 3(C)). In the light-dark box test, split-housed mice also spent significantly less time in the light chamber than pair-housed or single-housed animals (W(2,20.36) = 18.79, p < 0.0001; Figure 3(D)). The number of transitions between the two chambers was lower in the split-housed group than in the pair-housed group (W(2,24.28) = 14.03, p < 0.0001; Figure 3(E)). Together, the two experiments indicated increased anxiety-like behaviors in split-housed mice.
Short-term exposure to titanium, aluminum and niobium (Ti-6Al-4Nb) alloy powder can disturb the serum low-density lipoprotein concentrations and antioxidant profile in vital organs but not the behavior of male albino mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Ayisha Saleem, Ghulam Khadija, Zafrin Akhtar, Sadia Mumtaz, Sana Rukhsar, Mussarat Rafiq, Manam Rubab, Gull e Zahra, Iram Naseer, Ather Ibrahim, Furhan Iqbal
The light/dark box test equipment used in this experiment was made up of a plywood box with total area of 45 × 27 × 27 cm. The box was partitioned into two with a wall; a dark safe chamber spread over one third (18 × 27 cm) of the total area, whereas two third area (27 × 27 cm) was converted into light aversive chamber with light intensity of 200 Watt. The two chambers were connected by an opening (7.5 × 7.5 cm) located in the center of the dividing wall adjacent to floor. The floor of the box was divided into 9 × 9 cm squares and covered with Plexiglas. During the test, every mouse was placed in the center of light chamber keeping its snout toward opening in the wall. Then, time spent by them in each chamber, transition frequency, rearing, stretch attended, defecation and urination were counted and recorded over a five minutes test duration following Zahra et al. (2015).