China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monographs of Chemicals Not Used as Fragrances Per Se But Present as Allergens in Botanical Products Used as Fragrances
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Isoferulic acid per se is not used as a fragrance material, but is discussed here as it is a constituent of botanical products which may be applied in perfumery, e.g. (derivatives of) Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru, in traces) (1). It may also be present in propolis (2,4), but it has not been found in essential oils which have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis (3).
Cinchona officinalis (Cinchona Tree) and Corylus avellana (Common Hazel)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Sawsan A. Oran, Arwa Rasem Althaher, Mohammad S. Mubarak
p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid are hydroxycinnamic derivatives found in hazelnut kernels, green leafy cover (Alasalvar et al., 2006), skin, and tree leaves (Shahidi et al., 2007). Only the hazelnut kernel contained m-hydroxycinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, and isoferulic acid (Prosperini et al., 2009; Pelvan et al., 2018). 3-, 4-, and 5-Caffeoylquinic acids, p-coumaroyltartaric acid, caffeoyltartaric acid (Oliveira et al., 2007), rosmarinic acid, and a caffeoyl-hexoside derivative (Riethmüller et al., 2013) were all found in the hazelnut leaves; whereas 3- and 5-caffeoylquinic acids were found in the leaf cover (Masullo et al., 2016). Additionally, published research indicates that hazelnut shells contain galloylquinic acid, coumaroylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, a pentose ester of coumaric acid, and a hexose ester of syringic acid (Yuan et al., 2018). In contrast, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid are hydroxycinnamic derivatives found in hazelnut kernels, green leafy cover (Alasalvar et al., 2006), skin, and leaves (Shahidi et al., 2007). The following compounds, however, are only found in the hazelnut kernel: m-Hydroxycinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, and isoferulic acid (Prosperini et al., 2009; Pelvan et al., 2018); whereas 3-, 4-, and 5-caffeoylquinic acids, p-coumaroyltartaric acid, caffeoyltartaric acid (Oliveira et al., 2007), rosmarinic acid, and a caffeoyl-hexoside derivative (Riethmüller et al., 2013) were all found in the hazelnut leaves and 3- and 5-caffeoylquinic acid in the leaf cover (Masullo et al., 2016). Additionally, hazelnut shells included galloylquinic acid, coumaroylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, a pentose ester of coumaric acid, and a hexose ester of syringic acid (Yuan et al., 2018).
Protective effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) against diethylnitrosamine-induced renal injury in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Naglaa H. M. Hassanen, Abdelgawad Fahmi, Engy Shams-Eldin, Mariam Abdur-Rahman
Twenty-two phenolic compounds were identified in rosemary powder spice, as shown in Table 1. These include gallic acid, pyrogallol, 4-aminobenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, catechol, epicatechin, caffeine, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, ellagic acid, o-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, 3,4,5-methoxy cinnamic, coumarin, salicylic acid and cinnamic acid. Our results reported ellagic acid, benzoic acid, pyrogallol, o-coumaric acid, isoferulic acid, and coumarin among major phenols in rosemary powder ranging from 90 to 403 ppm. Flavonoids constitute the largest group of plant phenols and account for over half of the 8000 naturally occurring phenolic compounds (Balasundram et al.2006). Fourteen flavonoid components were characterized in rosemary powder, as shown in Table 1, which include luteolin 7-glucoside, luteolin, naringin, rutin, hesperidin, rosmarinic acid, kaempferol 3,7-dirhamnoside, apigenin 7-glucoside, quercitrin, quercetin, naringenin, hesperitin, rhamnetin and apigenin. In agreement to our findings, Brewer (2011) reported various active rosemary phenolic acids such as rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid. However, variation in the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds could be observed in rosemary cultivated in different regions under different environmental conditions.
Neuromodulatory potential of phenylpropanoids; para-methoxycinnamic acid and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate on aluminum-induced memory deficit in rats
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Samita Rijal, Nilanjan Changdar, Manas Kinra, Ayush Kumar, Madhavan Nampoothiri, Devinder Arora, Rekha R. Shenoy, K. Sreedhara Ranganath Pai, Alex Joseph, Jayesh Mudgal
Phenylpropanoids such as caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, isoferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid are reported to have neuroprotective and antioxidant properties (Vinholes et al. 2015; Khan et al. 2013). These biological effects are linked to the presence of α,β-unsaturated carboxyl moiety in these compounds (Kim et al. 2003). Para methoxycinnamic acid (PMCA) is one such phenylpropanoid, which in addition to α,β-unsaturated carboxyl moiety has a p-methoxy group at aromatic ring responsible for enhancing cognition as reported in an acute model of memory deficit (Kim et al. 2003). PMCA improved the learning and short-term memory against scopolamine-induced acute memory deficit (Kim et al. 2003). In addition, PMCA also modulated the inflammatory milieu (Umar et al. 2012) which may account for its neuroprotective activity. Based on this available evidence, the present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective potential of PMCA in a chronic model of dementia. In addition, the ester derivative of PMCA, i.e. ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) was also tested for comparing the efficacy of two structurally similar molecules. Both the test compounds were subjected to virtual screening for the evaluation of binding potential toward acetylcholinesterase and glutamate receptor.
Methanol extract of Muntingia calabura leaves attenuates CCl4-induced liver injury: possible synergistic action of flavonoids and volatile bioactive compounds on endogenous defence system
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria, Nur Diyana Mahmood, Maizatul Hasyima Omar, Muhammad Taher, Rusliza Basir
Methanol, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate, the solvents used for plant extraction and for phytochemical analyses including formic acid, and LCMS grade acetonitrile were purchased from MERCK (Selangor, Malaysia). The kits used for the determination of catalase and superoxide dismutase were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI). HPLC grade water was prepared from distilled water using a Milli-Q-system (Millipore, Waltham, MA). Gallic acid, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and quercetin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), and isoferulic acid from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). All of other solvents and chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade. Stock and working standards for the phytochemical analyses were prepared by dissolving the analytes in 100% methanol and stored at 4 °C until use.