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Conjugation of Polymers with Biomolecules and Polymeric Vaccine Development Technologies
Published in Mesut Karahan, Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
If a polymer is formed by repeating a single monomer unit, it is called a homopolymer (Figure 5.3).Chemical bonding of Lactideo and Glicolideo formation to PLGA. (Image by “Anamaria Teodora Coêlho Rios da Silva.” The image is licensed under a CC0. This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:S%C3%ADntese_PLGA.jpg.)
Pharmaceutical and Methodological Aspects of Microparticles
Published in Neville Willmott, John Daly, Microspheres and Regional Cancer Therapy, 2020
Yan Chen, Mark A. Burton, Bruce N. Gray
Synthetic biodegradable polymers, such as polyesters, polyamino acids, polyanhydrides, and polyamides have also been explored for use in microsphere/microcapsule preparation. The advantage of synthetic polymers is that their degradation rate can be controlled through adjusting the molecular weight of a homopolymer or hydrophilicity and composition of a co-polymer.58
Polymers as Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
The growth of cationic polymers as hair conditioners was initiated by the introduction of PVP (poly-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) in 1950 by then-GAF [now International Specialty Products, ISP (18)] and then by BASF (19). A homopolymer is a molecule with repeating units of the same molecular structure.
Removal of arsenic(III) from aqueous media using amine functionalized-grafted styrene/maleic anhydride low-density polyethylene films
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
A. F. G. Masud Reza, Tapos Kormoker, Abubakr M. Idris, Md. Shamsuzzoha, Md. Saiful Islam, Adel A. El-Zahhar, Md. Saiful Islam
The graft copolymers were prepared by radiation-induced grafting polymerization of Sty/MAn binary monomer system onto LDPE films using 60Co γ-rays at a dose rate of 15 kGy.S − 1 under nitrogen atmosphere. Strips of LDPE were washed with acetone, dried at 50 °C in a vacuum oven, weighed, and immersed in 20% (1:1 mol/mol) Sty/MAn co-monomer solution using acetone as diluents. The glass ampoules containing LDPE films and co-monomer solution were then subjected to 60Co γ-rays at different doses. The grafted films were removed and washed thoroughly with acetone to extract the residual monomers and the homopolymer, which may be accumulated onto the film. The films were then dried in a vacuum oven at 50–60 °C for 24 h and weighed. The overall reaction is illustrated in Scheme 1. The degree of grafting was determined by the percentage increase in weight as shown in Equation (1); Wo and Wg represent the weights of initial and grafted films, respectively.
Bacterial anti-adhesion activity based on the electrochemical properties of polymethacrylates bearing ferrocenyl pendant groups
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Ronald W. Nguema Edzang, The Hy Duong, Jean-François Briand, Marlène Lejars, Jean-Manuel Raimundo, Christine Bressy, Hugues Brisset
Each homopolymer was dissolved in toluene at 2.5 or 21 wt%. Two µl of this solution were deposited on the working electrode of 16 wells (two columns of eight wells each) which corresponded to 50 or 420 µg of polymer, respectively. The thickness of the polymer films was estimated at a maximum of 7.4 µm and 62.5 µm respectively, considering a diameter of the working electrode of 2.5 mm and a density of the polymer around 1.37 (Chernyy et al. 2017). The microplate was dried for four days at room temperature. The as-prepared films were composed of randomly organized homopolymer chains. ASW was introduced in order to record cyclic voltammograms (CV) between 0.25 and 0.70 V vs AgCl at 25 mV s−1. CV analysis in ASW allowed the removal of any toluene traces, which could be toxic for the bacterial cells. The ASW was removed and the plate was dried for two days before sterilization under UV for 30 min. This protocol was repeated for each polymer evaluated in this work.
Synthetic biodegradable polyesters for implantable controlled-release devices
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Jinal U. Pothupitiya, Christy Zheng, W. Mark Saltzman
The PCL homopolymer is relatively hydrophobic and resistant to water diffusion. Valued for its degradation properties, which are slower than PLGA, PCL is mostly used for applications requiring long periods of drug release. PCL requires about 2–4 years for complete degradation, where the exact period depends on the polymer molecular weight [146]. Additionally, accelerated degradation has also been reported with drug-loaded PCL compared to naked PCL implants. PCL degrades by the hydrolysis of the polyester backbone to oligomers and eventually to monomers that are resorbed. Oligomers (<3 kDa) and monomers are subsequently sequestered in phagosomes, resulting in intracellular degradation [127].