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Triterpenoids from Gymnema Sylvestre R.Br. (Periploca of the Woods): Biological Significance in the Treatment of Diabetes
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Several studies highlighted the antidiabetic property of Gymnemic acid analogs from the plant. Gymnemic acid I to XVIII and several derivatives/analogs (Table 3.2) comprise of key bioactive molecules that are responsible for antidiabetic property. The structure of the Gymnemic acid is similar to a sugar molecule. Therefore it exhibits competitive inhibition by binding to the taste receptors; and regulates sugar intake. Another research suggested role of Gymnemic acid derivatives in decreasing sugar levels in blood due to interaction with GAPDH and G3PDH enzymes [55]. Gurmarin, a polypeptide, with antidiabetic activity exerts its action through interfering with taste sensation (sweet and bitter) of the taste buds.
Ameliorating Insulin Signalling Pathway by Phytotherapy
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
G. sylvestre is a perennial woody vine native to tropical Asia, and a member of the family Apocynaceae. Common names are Gymnema in English and gurmar in Hindi, which means sugar destroyer. It is a large climber having elliptic, acuminate and glabrous leaves. The flowers are small, axillary and lateral umbel like cymes, pedicels are long, calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse, pubescent, while corolla is pale yellow, campanulate, valvate (Potawale et al. 2008). The major active components are a group of oleanane type triterpenoid saponins known as Gymnemic acid, along with resins, albumin, carbohydrates, tartaric acid, formic acid, butyric acid, anthraquinone derivatives, inositol alkaloids, lignin and cellulose (Potawale et al. 2008). Gymnemic acid is one of the major ingredients (Figure 15.13).
Medicinal Plants in Natural Health Care as Phytopharmaceuticals
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
The plant has a good medicinal value and market demand; its leaves are used in diabetes, hydrocil and asthama. Its main ingredients are gymnemic acid, a glycoside isolated from its leaves, a destroyer of madhumeha (glycosuria), and other urinary disorders. It is believed that it neutralizes the excess of sugar present in the body in diabetes mellitus (Pothuraju et al., 2014). It is useful in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation, jaundice, haemorrhoids, renal and vesical calculi, cardiopathy, asthma, bronchitis, amenorrhoea, conjuctivitis and leucoderma. The leaves are also helpful in lowering the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The primary chemical constituents of Gymnema include gymnemic acid, gurmarin, stigmasterol, betaine and choline. The water-soluble acidic fractions reportedly provide the hypoglycemic action. Gurmarin and gymnemic acid have been reported to block sweet taste in humans (Bamola et al., 2018; Ramachandran et al., 2010).
Effects of myo-inositol, gymnemic acid, and L-methylfolate in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2018
M. Stracquadanio, L. Ciotta, M. A. Palumbo
Synergic action to myo-inositol is that of gymnemic acids that have antidiabetic, anti-sweetener, and anti-inflammatory activities [25]. Gymnemic acid (GA) formulations have also been found useful against obesity [26] due to their ability to delay the glucose absorption in the blood [25].