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Exploring the Plant Kingdom for Sources of Skincare Cosmeceuticals
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
Mayuri Napagoda, Sanjeeva Witharana
Eighty percent of the dry weight of skin is considered to be collagen and is responsible for the tensile strength of the skin. Collagenases are a type of metalloproteinase that can cleave molecules in the extracellular matrix. Elastase is a proteolytic enzyme involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix that contains elastin. Elastin provides much of the elastic recoil properties of skin, arteries, lungs, and ligaments. Loss of elastin is a major part of what causes visible signs of aging in the skin. Hyaluronic acid has a role in retaining the moisture, structure, and elasticity of the skin while facilitating rapid tissue proliferation, regeneration, and repair. The levels of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid would decrease with aging, and this could lead to a loss of strength and flexibility in the skin, causing the emergence of wrinkles (Ndlovu et al. 2013). Moreover, the high levels of ROS induce the action of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase, which can further contribute to skin aging (Labat-Robert et al. 2000, Ndlovu et al. 2013). However, natural materials with anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, and anti-hyaluronidase properties can help to prevent the undesirable age-associated destruction of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid (Thring et al. 2009, Ndlovu et al. 2013).
Introduction to Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
María Verónica Cuevas González, Eduardo Villarreal-Ramírez, Adriana Pérez-Soria, Pedro Alberto López Reynoso, Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez
In the extracellular matrix, there are mainly two types of elastic fibers, chemically and morphologically different: elastins and microfibrils. Elastin fibers comprise approximately 90% of all of them. Elastin fibers provide the properties of resilience and elasticity to the tissues preventing deformation when they are under repeated stretching (Mithieux and Weiss 2005). However, the elastin fibers stretch is limited due to its close structural association with collagen fibers. Poles apart to collagen family that is encoded by several genes, elastin is encoded by a single gene in mammals and secreted to the extracellular medium as a monomer with a molecular weight of 60–70 kDa, called tropoelastin (Frantz et al. 2010). In the extracellular space, the secreted tropoelastin molecules are processed to elastin fibers; this process is catalyzed by a member of the lysine oxidase family, > 80% of the lysine residues form covalent cross-links between and within the elastin molecules. The arrangement and size of elastin fibers vary according to the tissue, but elastin fibers are associated with different proteins such as fibulins and fibrillins, which are essential to preserving the integrity of elastin fibers (Muiznieks and Keeley 2013).
Hormonal Effects on Fascia in Women
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
Angeli Maun Akey, Kathleen O’Neil-Smith
Not only does estrogen stimulate type I collagen,5 it also slows down the breakdown of collagen and elastin. Elastin is a connective tissue molecule that gives the tissue its property of resilience, allowing it to extend/recoil with ease and form elastic fibers.5 Collagen and elastin breakdown is slowed by downregulating MMPs.5 These MMPs are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that have been shown to denature endopelvic connective tissue.5,10 Postmenopausal women have lower estrogen levels. As a result, they have relatively increased activity of these MMPs compared with their premenopausal states. Hence, diminished levels of collagen in postmenopausal women results in increased myofascial issues and rapid fascial sagging. Moreover, tissues derived from prolapsed organs show lower levels of elastin, stiffer extracellular matrices (ECMs), and decreased tissue strength.5
Chemical composition, seasonal variation and antiaging activities of essential oil from Callistemon subulatus leaves growing in Egypt
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Omyma Rabie, Heba A. S. El-Nashar, Taghreed A. Majrashi, Tarfah Al‐Warhi, Mahmoud A. El Hassab, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Nada M. Mostafa
Elastin is a skin protein that plays a vital role in maintaining the healthy appearance and integrity of the skin15. Activation of elastase by ageing or exposure to UV rays and free radicals leads to the destruction of cutaneous elastin and thus loss of skin elasticity. The C. subulatus leaf oil of winter showed an inhibition to elastase activity with IC50 value of 1.05 ± 0.05 µg/mL, compared to the standard N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethyl ketone (IC50 = 0.55 ± 0.03 µg/mL). The essential oil of Illicium anisatum containing eucalyptol as a major component (36.7%) was able to inhibit elastase (IC50 = 1.79 mg/mL)35. Eucalyptol was one of the most abundant terpenes (11.82%) in Mentha viridis essential oil that showed elastase inhibition by IC50 = 114.24 ± 1.22 µg/mL36.
Nanoencapsulated cordyceps extract enhances collagen synthesis and skin cell regeneration through antioxidation and autophagy
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Nawapol Upatcha, Palakorn Kaokaen, Natchadaporn Sorraksa, Ruchee Phonchai, Phongsakorn Kunhorm, Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung, Parinya Noisa
In addition, decreased levels of growth factors, reduced amount of collagen, abnormal accumulation of elastin, and reduction in the epidermal and dermal thickness are often indicative of clinical signs such as xerosis, wrinkles, sagging, blemishes, and all signs of skin ageing. In previous studies, we found that cordycepin increases the rate of cell migration of intracellular fibroblasts, helping the skin stimulate the production of collagen and accelerating tissue regeneration through adenosine receptor-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway stimulation by regulating GSK3b activity (Kim et al.2021). However, we may be able to enhance the effectiveness of cordyceps extract or cordycepin extract in rejuvenating skin, stimulating cell growth, and improving wound healing. Therefore, in this study, it was interesting to develop cordyceps extracts using extract encapsulation and nanotechnology and to study the potential of cordyceps medium loaded nanoparticles (CMP) in wound healing compared to cells treated with cordycepin and cordyceps medium (CM) in vitro.
Association between serum elastin-derived peptides and abdominal aortic calcification in peritoneal dialysis patients: a cross-sectional study
Published in Renal Failure, 2021
Shizhu Zhao, Jingyuan Cao, Jianzhong Li, Xiaochun Yang, Peiyang Cao, Jingjing Lan, Guoyuan Lu
In uremic patients with accelerated arterial aging, elastodystrophy of aorta occurred early and constructed a context of altered mineral metabolism for the pathogenesis of arterial medial calcification [10]. In dialysis patients with more metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and hormonal changes [11], elastic fiber fragmentation in epigastric artery was more obvious when compared with healthy kidney donors [12]. These findings indicated PD patients underwent accelerated elastin degradation. In aneurysms featured by elastin breakdown, structural products of EDPs and desmosine in plasma increased and correlated with aneurysm rupture and aneurysm-related death [13,14]. Thus, we hypothesized EDPs in PD patients might also be elevated and correlate with AAC. In this study, we measured serum EDPs and evaluated its association with AAC in PD patients detected by a multi-slice spiral CT scan (MSCT).