China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Threatened Medicinal Plants of North East India
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Kalkame Ch. Momin, N. Surmina Devi
The botanical garden plays an important role in exploration, introduction of herbal plants and plant biodiversity conservation. By embracing the ex-situ conservation method, the highly-threatened genetic materials are collected, rescued, and preserved, and at the same time, breeding of flora is carried out so as to enable them for restoration in cases where the survival in its native habitat is threatened. Further the approaches comprise the transfer of a target flora far from its natural habitat to a safer place like the plant estates and seed banks.
Gardeners’ Perspectives and Practices in Relation to Plants in Motion
Published in Kezia Barker, Robert A. Francis, Routledge Handbook of Biosecurity and Invasive Species, 2021
Katarina Saltzman, Carina Sjöholm, Tina Westerlund
Gardeners have always used plants of different origins, moving them around to new environments and working hard to make the plants survive and thrive under new conditions. During the late Renaissance, around the second half of the 16th century, an interest in ‘new’ plants developed within scientific work, which led to an increased diversity of plants in gardens (Hobhouse, 2002). This history is reflected in the development of botanical gardens, which have a long tradition of collecting plants from different parts of the world for research and education. Subsequently, they have also played an important role in the spreading of ‘new’ plants to a wider audience and in the preservation of species and varieties, something that in today’s debate on invasiveness is recognised as an activity that has contributed to an undesirable spreading of plants (e.g. Hulme, 2015).
Legumes
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
In 1737, Swedish naturalist Carl von Linne (1707–1778)—better known as Carolus Linnaeus—published the plant’s description.85 Two years later, missionaries in China sent soybeans to Paris, France’s Jardin des Plantes, though farmers grew few before 1855.86 In 1790, Britain’s Royal Botanic Garden in Kew planted them.87 In 1804, soybeans fed chickens and possibly people in what are today Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Europe’s demand outstripped production by 1910, when Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands began importing the legume from Manchuria. In 1934, Germany sought imports from Romania and Bulgaria. After World War II, soybeans came from the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Brazil. Europe has never been a large producer but into the twenty-first century continued to import soybeans.
A comprehensive review of the ethnomedicine, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities of the genus Kniphofia
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Gashaw Nigussie, Metasebia Tegegn, Dessalegn Abeje, Haregua Melak
In this review, we outline what we know about botany, ethnomedicinal uses, reproduction, conservation, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activity of Kniphofia species. Kniphofia species were traditionally used to treat gonorrhoea, malaria, hepatitis B, blood purifier, wounds, cervical and breast cancer, and many other ailments, according to the findings. In addition, the Kniphofia species has been utilised as an ornamental plant, pollen and nectar sources for honeybees, and a pollution indicator. It is used in horticulture and is grown in both home and botanical gardens. It has been noticed that all studied plants belong to the same genus, they have a number of common pharmacological actions, such as antibacterial, antimalarial, and cytotoxic activity. The major compounds isolated from the majority of Kniphofia species are monomeric anthraquinone, dimeric anthraquinone, and phenyl anthraquinones and anthrones. The genus afforded exemplary drug leads such as knipholone (27) and knipholone anthrone (25) with anti-HIV-1, anti-leukotriene, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial and cytotoxicity activity. Nevertheless, given the presence of the genus in the red data list of South Africa and its broad range of pharmacological activities, greater attention should be dedicated to it. Further investigation should be conducted to evaluate promising cruds extracts as well as compounds in search for new drug candidates.
Stephanus Bisius (1724–1790) on mania and melancholy, and the disorder called plica polonica
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2021
Eglė Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė, Paul Eling, Stanley Finger
It was at this time that the botanical garden of the university was founded by Jean Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814), a Frenchman later called the “father of Lithuanian botany” (Bumblauskas et al. 2004). Similarly, another French physician, Nicolas Regnier (1746–1800), was appointed to lecture on surgery and obstetrics at the university’s newly founded School of Obstetricians, this being in 1775. A third French physician, Jacques Antuan Briôtet (1746–1819), was invited to Vilnius two years later to teach anatomy (Parent 2018). And Johann Georg Adam Förster (1754–1794)—the German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, and revolutionary who participated in Captain James Cook’s (1728–1779) second voyage to the Pacific—became professor at the Department of Natural History in Vilnius University between 1784 and 1787 (Forsteris 1988). Moreover, Andreas Loebenwein (1758–1820), born in Vienna, was invited to lecture on anatomy at the university in 1787; and an Irish professor of therapy, John O’Connor (1760–1801), lectured through the academic year of 1800–1801 on the internal diseases, including “inflammations of cerebral membranes” in Vilnius (Biziulevičius 1997).
Development of Kampo（traditional Japanese medicine）e-learning program: evaluation of the flipped classroom for medical students
Published in Medical Education Online, 2021
Aki Ito, Kenji Watanabe, Yoshitaka Fukuzawa, Kazuo Mitani, Shinichi Fujimoto, Takahide Matsuda, Kiyoshi Sugiyama, Kiyoshi Kitamura, Nobutaro Ban
Feedback on the courses was collected from volunteers consisting of nine physicians, three pharmacists, nine medical students, and 75 pharmaceutical students (Table 1). Based on these comments, scripts of the lectures were prepared for all lessons in the ‘Systematic Kampo Curricula’ course, and four new courses were created (Table 2). In the new Kampo quiz course, 10 questions were randomly chosen from many questions to create each of three types of quizzes: ‘What is this crude drug?’ ‘What is this Kampo formula?’ ‘What is the original textbook of this Kampo formula?’ A commentary lecture on Kampo medicine, crude drugs, and natural compounds was prepared as a national examination course for pharmacists. In addition, courses were created covering medicinal plant botanical gardens and archival content.